Inventory Management Auditing and Assurance Services

Question: Examine about the Inventory Management for Auditing and Assurance Services. Answer: A compelling interior control system improves the functionalities of the business. The procedure of inward control characterizes the unwavering quality and adequacy of the business tasks and guarantees the legitimate validness. In the given task, all the case situations are worried about the Adel Manufacturing Company where sixty laborers are related in the creation procedure and have the particular finance methodology. In the principal case situation, the inward control shortcoming can be distinguished in the zone of documentation and approval. According to the situation, the organization is occupied with the meeting procedure keeping up the eliteness. They took care of all the meeting exercises alone and the made a decision about the candidates based on the meeting. The hazard fundamentally brought about in the zone of the documentation methodology followed by the foreman of the industrial facility. Typically they right the hourly pace of pay physically. Moreover, the foreman distinguished the recently utilized individuals referencing the candidates name toward the edge of the personal expense portion presentation structure. This documentation procedure can be considered as hazardous on the grounds that the organization doesn't follow any legitimate computerized structure. Topping off all the significant information about the applicants might be passed up a major opportunity because of an ineffect ual activity obligations performed by the foreman of the production line. Then again, there might be some extraordinary finance structure for the accomplished or new workers. As it were, the hourly pace of pay might be varied by the sorts of representatives of the association. Here the new representatives are perceived in the inappropriate way. Accordingly, the blunder can be happened, if the finance office erroneously makes wrong alteration identified with the pace of pay of representatives. Besides, the approval of obligations is additionally inadequate on the grounds that the foreman has made correspondence with the finance division verbally. Along these lines the blunder can be made because of hole of arrangement among the people in question. To control each inner mistake, the organization needs to recognize the accompanying perspectives: Initially, the wastefulness of documentation can be improved by the accompanying procedure of sufficient reports and records. For this situation, the online system can be kept up for the readiness of a personal assessment establishment statement structure. More anxieties must be given to record information by the electronic framework rather than manual technique. Also, the free exhibitions must be checked by the consistent inner confirmation of the control. On the off chance that the finance partners of the production line habitually survey their individual obligations, at that point the danger of error can be decreased or limited. The record of the clear timesheets has been kept up week after week premise for the situation. Anyway the principle hazard lies in the region of record keeping method. The clear timesheet has been topped off in pencil which can be changed anytime of time. The bogus information, for example, the records of the day by day appearance or flight can be amended anytime of time. Along these lines, such hazard can be considered as the expected material error. The prove hazard can be moderated by the overseeing exercises appropriately. The administration of the organization needs to screen timesheets by the customary premise. Then again, the bio-measurements framework can give the exact data about the workers in and out. Along these lines, the material can't be misquoted sooner rather than later. For this situation, the organization has estimated the worker exhibitions by observing the timesheet. Here each representative is answerable for the calculation of the gross compensation, derivations and net pays. In view of such computation of the representative income have been settled. In this manner, the hazard lies in the region of the autonomous exhibitions. Then again, the worker presence might be lost because of the programmed expulsion arrangement of the organization. Consequently, an inadequacy of the finance assistant can turn into a genuine hazard for the organization. Such distinguished danger of inner control can be alleviated by improving free checks and exhibitions. By checking his own obligation, the finance representative can improve their exhibitions. Moreover, the administration ought to ceaselessly audit the estimation which are processed by her before discharging any last installments to the representatives of the association.. Along these lines, the organization can cross check the installment system. From the contextual analysis, it very well may be expressed that the dispersion procedure of the compensation checks has barely any imperfections. The main bookkeeper uses to sign the pay checks, physically and conveys the checks through the foreman. Such manual mark framework incorporates high danger of imitation. It has been seen in such cases, that the foreman or the work in-control, who monitors the laborers, proceeds with the record of the left specialists or make records of the nonexistent specialists. They may change the measures of the checks or issue new checks for such apparition laborers by producing the mark of the central bookkeeper. There is defect in the circulation of the checks too. The organization doesn't keep up any such methodology, which can guarantee whether the laborers are getting the check as a general rule or not. The administration ought to present advanced mark framework. Just the main bookkeeper will have the approval to utilize the computerized signature. All things considered, some other individuals can't copy his mark to make any fraud. Also, the administration ought to keep up a finance receipt book, where the laborers will sign in the wake of accepting the checks. Indeed, even the representatives, who will be missing on the installment date, should sign it on the following day. In this way, it can limit the danger of misallocation of slary checks. Book index Boritz, J, L Hayes, J Lim, A substance investigation of reviewers' reports on IT inner control shortcomings: The relative points of interest of a robotized way to deal with control shortcoming recognizable proof. inInternational Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14, 2013, 138-163. Feng, M, C Li, S McVay, H Skaife, Does Ineffective Internal Control over Financial Reporting influence a Firm's Operations? Proof from Firms' Inventory Management. inThe Accounting Review, 90, 2015, 529-557. Hoitash, R, U Hoitash, K Johnstone, Inside Control Material Weaknesses and CFO Compensation*. inContemporary Accounting Research, 29, 2012, 768-803. Skaife, H, D Veenman, D Wangerin, Inner authority over money related announcing and administrative lease extraction: Evidence from the gainfulness of insider exchanging. inJournal of Accounting and Economics, 55, 2013, 91-110.

Teaching Through Effective Speaking †Education Essay

Instructing Through Effective Speaking †Education Essay Free Online Research Papers Instructing Through Effective Speaking Education Essay As a medical caretaker, there are numerous chances to show patients and their families through viable talking. How well I train patients about injury care and the board can directly affect their nature of wellbeing. Wound consideration has a wide range of viewpoints. My duty is to instruct and show the best possible techniques to enable the patient to improve their personal satisfaction. This includes instructing and talking in little gatherings, which typically incorporates the patient as well as individuals from their families. It is critical to ensure that the patient altogether comprehends the subject and can show the ideal methodology back to me. Through my different showing encounters, I have come to comprehend the significance of visual and vocal viewpoints in discourse, undivided attention, and discourse content. Visual and Vocal Aspects of Speech Remember that how material with respect to wound consideration is introduced can be similarly as significant as the material being introduced. The physical conveyance and verbal conveyance help the patient to learn and comprehend the significance of wound consideration and the board. Solid Experience In my showing encounters, I am showing the patient and in any event one individual from their family. My main responsibility is to show the significance of playing out the ideal technique appropriately to help improved the patient’s personal satisfaction. I should appear through my words and activities that I am proficient and positive about the material and aptitudes I need the patient to learn and perform. When educating, I want to sit at a similar level as my patient and their family. It is additionally simpler for me to exhibit a strategy and have the patient or relative show it back to me. Stance can have a major effect in educating. I keep up a stance that is proficient and shows trust in what I am instructing. I stand or sit upstanding, yet not very straight. I don't slump or droop. I likewise use signals to assist accentuation with keying focuses and to exhibit significant methods. I keep my signals proficient and don't make motions that might be viewed as fun loving or censorious. Eye to eye connection is a key component to utilize when attempting to educate somebody. It causes me to pass judgment on the off chance that they comprehend the material, I am instructing. It is likewise significant for me to keep my outward appearances impartial and well disposed. The patient and their family need to comprehend the significance of the material being introduced to them. Uplifting feed back can assist with building certainty about material being found out. It is additionally fundamental for me to put verbal accentuation on key focuses. Not just the tone of my voice is significant, yet the rate and volume likewise greatly affect helping patients learn. I ensure that I talk at an even rate and delayed down to assist accentuation with keying focuses. I ensure that I am not addressing quick. A reliable rate assists with holding the consideration of the patient. To accentuation key focuses, I additionally either talk somewhat stronger or rehash the point a few times. This helps the patient realize that these are key issues to recall. I will likewise have the patient or their families clarify the key focuses back to me. That way I can ensure they see things the manner in which I am attempting to clarify them. It additionally assists with fortifying that they comprehend the idea and will have the option to play out the methodology all alone. An uplifting mentality enables the figuring out how to process stream all the more easily. This alongs ide encouraging feedback causes the patient to acquire trust in dealing with their medical issues. Intelligent Observations Educating can be a restless time because of the earth and the way that a significant wellbeing even has as of late happened. Patients and their families appear to react better when I am sitting at eye level with them and continue gradually. This gives the patient and their families an opportunity to let the material I am showing hit home. It additionally encourages them to feel progressively great about posing inquiries. On the off chance that I droop in a seat, I can radiate the feeling that I am not intrigued by the patient or the material I am attempting to instruct. . It is likewise significant that I don't fold my arms. This can be seen as a negative disposition. I have to cause the patient and their families to understand that I care about their results and that the material I am instructing is significant. At the point when I look, it shows that I am truly keen on instructing and helping the patient succeed. By keeping in touch, it appears to comfort the individual and makes them bound to pose inquiries about things they don't comprehend. It is imperative to ask the patient and their family inquiries about material previously educated. This assists with building their certainty and encourages them to be progressively anxious to learn. Having relatives included aides on the grounds that occasionally they consider questions the patient has not thought of or tight clamp versa. My stance and signals can legitimately impact how well a patient or relative learns. In the event that I sluggard or droop, my patients may consider me to be being messy, unfocused, or uninterested. In the event that I appear to be uninterested, the patient or relative makes some harder memories understanding the idea. They may likewise not pay attention to the material and feel that it isn't significant. I can't be excessively genuine or excessively laid back, both of these can cause uneasiness for the patient. This makes an individual less inclined to comprehend the material being introduced to them about injury care. It is additionally essential to give a great deal of encouraging feedback to support the patient and relatives create trust as far as they can tell. In the event that I just spotlight on the negative, learning can be extraordinarily limited. I have seen that patients and relatives will in general notification key focuses that are rehashed as often as possible or stressed in a stronger voice. Key focuses should be introduced in a way that the patient or relative can without much of a stretch comprehend. At the point when the patient or relative rehashes a key point in a later discussion, it strengthens that the educating has been powerful. It likewise helps manufacture trust in information learned by the relative and the patient. I have seen that on the off chance that I talk too quick my patients have increasingly disturbed appreciating the material being educated. I think this is on the grounds that my words become muttered and the patient looses intrigue. Unique Conceptualization The eyes are supposed to be a key to the spirit, accordingly they are a significant piece of educating through viable discourse. As indicated by Ritts Stein (2006), â€Å"eye contact directs the progression of correspondence, signals enthusiasm for other people, and expands the speaker’s credibility† (p. 1). This additionally serves to â€Å"open the progression of correspondence and pass on intrigue, concern, warmth, and credibility† (Ritts Stein, p.1). The eyes help to show that a speaker believes in what they are instructing. Eye to eye connection likewise encourages me to associate with the patient and their families. At the point when I keep in touch with the patient, they are bound to pose inquiries and be associated with the material I am instructing them. As per Blair (1995), â€Å"the two most significant parts of the voice for an open speaker are projection and variation† (p. 6). By changing the tone and pitch of my voice, I can without much of a stretch underscore key focuses. This helps the patient and their families to see the most significant purposes of the exercise. When showing the exercises, I talk gradually and fluctuate the tone of my voice. This shields the patient and their families from getting exhausted with the substance. It additionally offers those being shown the chance to pose inquiries and to turn out to be progressively OK with the material being educated. Having the option to build up an open air for learning with assistance the patients learn all the more adequately. Dynamic Experimentation Each time I get the chance to show a patient, I attract from my encounters to make the exercise more obvious. At the point when I initially started instructing, I would peruse from note cards. I have discovered that by keeping in touch and drawing from my own insight the patient is progressively loose and anxious to learn. By sitting at eye level and instructing gradually, I allow the patient to pose inquiries straightforwardly. I give positive verbal fortification to help give certainty to patients as they learn different methods. Along these lines, I am giving consistency in my educating. Encouraging feedback can be as basic as a grin or a commendation when a key point is found out. I am continually searching for approaches to give encouraging feedback so as to encourage a superior and progressively positive learning experience. As of late when encouraging a patient about injury care, I utilized differences in my voice to get over the key focuses I needed the patient to learn. At the point when I requested that the patient rehash back the directions given to him, he had the option to do them accurately. He later expressed that the key focuses were simple for him to recognize them, on the grounds that my voice changed and he calculated these must be significant elements. I have even utilized a portion of these methods when singing with my congregation ensemble. I sing stronger while needing the assembly to see how significant a specific section is to me. I additionally will in general sing marginally more slow during moving entries to keep my words fresh and clear. My stance is straight, which shows that I am keen on what I am singing. I keep my outward appearances suitable for what material I am singing. In the event that the material is playful, I will in general have a grin all over. On the off chance that the material is increasingly dismal, I am progressively held. I likewise keep in touch with the assembly. This shows I am keen on what I am singing and that I need them to comprehend the significance of the melody. In speaking with my kids, I have discovered that by looking they give better consideration to what I am stating. I additionally use voice fluctuations with them to reinf

November

November Im on the train home to Philadelphia. Currently: four women run my lifeSZA, Solange Knowles, Sappho, my mother. Schoolwork saturated the first two weeks of November, and then last week was suddenly too free. Now its Thanksgiving break. Next week will be absurdly busy, and I am not looking forward to it. A few things that happened in November: I spent a day giving math problems to seventh-grade girls. A friend from high school visited me. I boarded a plane to New York, spent a day interviewing there, and then almost missed my flight back to Boston. I grew restless and finished two books. I grew restless and bought two more. I spent way too much time with my head buried in booksfrigid weather, 4:30 PM sunset1, overlong reading list; it was bound to happen. Here are some snippets from the past month. (Ive kind of been following my own schedule and not doing many student-life related things because of the time constraints imposed by the rest of my life. Welp.) Sappho At some point in the semester, it occurred to me that I owe a lot to ancient Greece, to Pythagoras and Euclid and Zeno and Ptolemy. They are people who made math fundamental and rigorous. I imagined Id read some classical philosophy this semester. Instead, I am reading a 2007 book2 that tells me to distrust Platonic forms and simplified models. I am reading Sappho3 instead of Socrates. So much for philosophy. books/making time to read/coping with life I read a lot before coming to MIT but stopped during my freshman year, mostly because I was trying to throw myself into being A Well-Adjusted College Student. I was doing standard freshman things and standard rebellious thingsmaking friends, baking spontaneously, going sledding, walking around Boston aimlessly with friends, dying my hair pink, dancing at parties, disowning parts of my previous self. It was a lot of fun, but in April I started to miss all the dimensions of my personality Id thrown out in order to follow new friends around. I felt, in addition, that we were constantly doing things to be sensational. It was a lot of fun, but we were not really getting to know each other. I spent my freshman spring unhappily, largely by my own doing. I felt disconnected from student life. I spent too much time completing perfect schoolwork. The social dynamics of my living group stressed me out, and I was unhappy that I read only textbooks and wrote only proofs. So I spent the summer running around Hong Kong and slowly getting back into the swing of reading and writing. I came back to MIT refreshed. I moved to a more diverse place. And I made a commitment with one of my friendseach week, we meet for an hour and do nothing but read. Usually we end up staying for much longer than an hour. In a similar way, I committed to working out: gym, twice a week, with a friend. This is, apparently, the most effective way for me to get things doneby making commitments with other people. Its much easier for me to justify skipping a workout when all thats at stake is my long-term health (clearly not that important), but when you add a friend whos at the gym waiting for mewell, I cant just not show up, can I? I love my friends. Where would I be without them? As a side effect, spending this much time with people one-on-one has led to much stronger relationships. My grades have dropped this semester; my schoolwork is no longer perfect. I am not really doing badly in classesI am just not doing as well as before. But I am also so happy, though prioritizing my happiness often makes me uncomfortable. Heres what my best friend, Jenn, said about this at one particularly desperate point: . She puts it so well. Where would I be without Jenn? SZA/Solange Spending time with books means spending time with music. My playlist for the month includes some sad songs at the periphery of RB. It sounds almost like a breakup playlist, which is apt because November has indeed been a breakup with good weather and good grades. None of these songs have anything to do with MIT; theyre just to set a mood. Listen if youd like. playlist My mother keeps texting me emojis. I cant wait to see her. gratitude Every Thanksgiving, I go through the motions of expressing gratitude for my friends and family, but this year, I think I finally understand what it really means to be thankful. I apologize if that sounds cheesy or ungrateful or plain dumbI just feel more than ever as though I am being propped up by the people around me in some tangible way. I finally opened my life up to tumult, and I realized, over and over, that I could rely on my friends and family to help me when I struggled. Im thankful for them. I am also thankful for this blog. Thank you if you have sent me emails. Thank you if you havent but are still here reading. Thank you, world, for being so good to me these past few months. :) 1 I always pledge my allegiance to the northeast U.S., but I wonder if the chapped skin and the static electricity and low spirits of winter are really worth the quaintness and the pace of life and all the other enjoyable aspects of life here. 2 The Black Swan by Nassim Nicholas Taleb 3 If Not, Wintertranslated by Anne Carson, who writes some delicious poetry herself, if youre into that kind of thing. As for Sapphoonly fragments of her work survive. Whats most impressive to me is that her poetry remains poignant and intense even when half the words have been lost to the elements, even without musical accompaniment from the lyre.

November

November Im on the train home to Philadelphia. Currently: four women run my lifeSZA, Solange Knowles, Sappho, my mother. Schoolwork saturated the first two weeks of November, and then last week was suddenly too free. Now its Thanksgiving break. Next week will be absurdly busy, and I am not looking forward to it. A few things that happened in November: I spent a day giving math problems to seventh-grade girls. A friend from high school visited me. I boarded a plane to New York, spent a day interviewing there, and then almost missed my flight back to Boston. I grew restless and finished two books. I grew restless and bought two more. I spent way too much time with my head buried in booksfrigid weather, 4:30 PM sunset1, overlong reading list; it was bound to happen. Here are some snippets from the past month. (Ive kind of been following my own schedule and not doing many student-life related things because of the time constraints imposed by the rest of my life. Welp.) Sappho At some point in the semester, it occurred to me that I owe a lot to ancient Greece, to Pythagoras and Euclid and Zeno and Ptolemy. They are people who made math fundamental and rigorous. I imagined Id read some classical philosophy this semester. Instead, I am reading a 2007 book2 that tells me to distrust Platonic forms and simplified models. I am reading Sappho3 instead of Socrates. So much for philosophy. books/making time to read/coping with life I read a lot before coming to MIT but stopped during my freshman year, mostly because I was trying to throw myself into being A Well-Adjusted College Student. I was doing standard freshman things and standard rebellious thingsmaking friends, baking spontaneously, going sledding, walking around Boston aimlessly with friends, dying my hair pink, dancing at parties, disowning parts of my previous self. It was a lot of fun, but in April I started to miss all the dimensions of my personality Id thrown out in order to follow new friends around. I felt, in addition, that we were constantly doing things to be sensational. It was a lot of fun, but we were not really getting to know each other. I spent my freshman spring unhappily, largely by my own doing. I felt disconnected from student life. I spent too much time completing perfect schoolwork. The social dynamics of my living group stressed me out, and I was unhappy that I read only textbooks and wrote only proofs. So I spent the summer running around Hong Kong and slowly getting back into the swing of reading and writing. I came back to MIT refreshed. I moved to a more diverse place. And I made a commitment with one of my friendseach week, we meet for an hour and do nothing but read. Usually we end up staying for much longer than an hour. In a similar way, I committed to working out: gym, twice a week, with a friend. This is, apparently, the most effective way for me to get things doneby making commitments with other people. Its much easier for me to justify skipping a workout when all thats at stake is my long-term health (clearly not that important), but when you add a friend whos at the gym waiting for mewell, I cant just not show up, can I? I love my friends. Where would I be without them? As a side effect, spending this much time with people one-on-one has led to much stronger relationships. My grades have dropped this semester; my schoolwork is no longer perfect. I am not really doing badly in classesI am just not doing as well as before. But I am also so happy, though prioritizing my happiness often makes me uncomfortable. Heres what my best friend, Jenn, said about this at one particularly desperate point: . She puts it so well. Where would I be without Jenn? SZA/Solange Spending time with books means spending time with music. My playlist for the month includes some sad songs at the periphery of RB. It sounds almost like a breakup playlist, which is apt because November has indeed been a breakup with good weather and good grades. None of these songs have anything to do with MIT; theyre just to set a mood. Listen if youd like. playlist My mother keeps texting me emojis. I cant wait to see her. gratitude Every Thanksgiving, I go through the motions of expressing gratitude for my friends and family, but this year, I think I finally understand what it really means to be thankful. I apologize if that sounds cheesy or ungrateful or plain dumbI just feel more than ever as though I am being propped up by the people around me in some tangible way. I finally opened my life up to tumult, and I realized, over and over, that I could rely on my friends and family to help me when I struggled. Im thankful for them. I am also thankful for this blog. Thank you if you have sent me emails. Thank you if you havent but are still here reading. Thank you, world, for being so good to me these past few months. :) 1 I always pledge my allegiance to the northeast U.S., but I wonder if the chapped skin and the static electricity and low spirits of winter are really worth the quaintness and the pace of life and all the other enjoyable aspects of life here. 2 The Black Swan by Nassim Nicholas Taleb 3 If Not, Wintertranslated by Anne Carson, who writes some delicious poetry herself, if youre into that kind of thing. As for Sapphoonly fragments of her work survive. Whats most impressive to me is that her poetry remains poignant and intense even when half the words have been lost to the elements, even without musical accompaniment from the lyre.

Marijuana Should be Legalized for Medical Use Essay examples

We have all heard it over and over again, listening to everyone go on about how its wrong and its not healthy, but honestly people would not act they way they do if they cared what everyone else thought. This pertains especially to those of you who smoke marijuana. If marijuana users actually cared what everyone else thought, they would not be using it, even though it is illegal marijuana is one of the most attainable illegal substances out there. If marijuana is so attainable, and so many people like to indulge in using it then why has it been so hard to get it legalized? Marijuana can be extremely beneficial in several ways. Medical marijuana has many uses, its helped in easing pain, side effects of chemotherapy, and it can also†¦show more content†¦Many diseases cannot be cured but most doctors can prescribe pain killers that can cause serious internal damage. Marijuana is also used to help ease chronic pain, nausea, muscle spasms, and loss of appetite (Anderson 334) . With this knowledge further medical research and testing should be done to help those in need. Marijuana has been used medicinally since the 1800s. Marijuana was recognized as a medicinal drug and was listed in the United States Pharmacopeia from 1850 to 1942. The United States has been in a financial repression, our economy is at the lowest point it has been in in decades. Currently $33 billion is being spent on the War on Drugs (DrugSense.org). In 2009, over 1,663,582 arrests were made in the year alone, for minor possession charges (DrugSense.org). The economy is unstable and does not have the time of money to spent on issues that are minute to society. The economical standing point is clear, the economy does not need to execute something that has been pitifully downgraded by society. People do not understand that marijuana crops could also be used as a source of income for the economy. In Arizona 1,500 jobs alone will be created due to the medical marijuana industry, but not only will those 1,500 direct jobs will be made due to marijuana growers and dispensary employees, but there could be another possible 5,000 due to indirect jobs like groceryShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Should be Legalized for Medical and Recreational Use1742 Words   |  7 Pagesnumerous preschools and admitted to several hospitals for psychiatric issues. His mother has pursued all forms of medical and behavioral help for her son’s hyperactivity and aggressiveness. She came across medical marijuana while trying to research JJ’s problems and after discussing it with his doctors decided to give it a try. She took him off all his medications and put the marijuana in a muffin in amounts prescribed and monitored by the doctor. JJ’s behavior issues declined almost immediatelyRead MoreLegalization of medical marijuana at the federal law Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Why should marijuana be legalized? Marijuana can be argued for different reasons. In my case I will be arguing the medical purposes for legalizing marijuana. Marijuana has positive features, and how people prefer using marijuana. Marijuana helps individuals get through a variety of things that they suffer. Marijuana provides relief from pain, rather than other medications out there. Many individuals prefer marijuana over anything else to relax. An argument on why people using marijuana spend moreRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen debating among themselves whether or not marijuana should be legalized in America. Marijuana is a drug that can be smoked or eaten. It is grown from the ground and gives the user a sense of a hallucinogenic high. It goes by many names such as Mary Jane, kush, grass, weed, pot, green, cannabis, hemp, or chronic. Some say that marijuana is not as bad as alcohol. Some say that marijuana is safe. 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Picture people with severe, violent mood disorders being treated. Most people think the answers to these problems are simple and could be solved by over medicating patients. Today, there are twenty states in America who have legalized medical marijuana for specific health and medicalRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan The Time For Change1359 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: The Time for Change Marijuana has been an ongoing controversial issue for quite some time now. According to the national institution on drug abuse, â€Å"Marijuana—also called weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane, and a vast number of other slang terms—is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa— the hemp plant.† (National Institution on Drug Abuse). Today twenty-three states and the District of Columbia currently haveRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan It Is A Criminal1470 Words   |  6 Pagesweeks ago, CNN the world s most recognized news station. They were showing a story about how medical marijuana helped a three years old girl, who was suffering from a several epilepsy. From the story, this three year old girl could have a hundreds of seizures within a day. However, one day his father, who was a retired military, he made a research and found a good testimonies about how a medical marijuana helped these men, children , and women with the same condition as his daughter. Therefore, he

Morality and Federal Funding Associated with Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 590 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Stem Cell Essay Did you like this example? What is your personal moral standpoint on stem cell research? In today`s society, it is hard to differentiate between morally correct and politically correct, the line is often blurred in view. The intent of this research is to further scientific advancements but the price to pay is stepping across a couple personal boundaries. Angela Campbell wrote an interesting article for the American Journal of Law and Medicine in Boston outlining the biggest controversial topic of today pointing out, Worldwide, legislators and policy makers have struggled to craft meaningful and ethical parameters for the regulation of this new and evolving area of biotechnology (Campbell, 2005). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Morality and Federal Funding Associated with Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research" essay for you Create order This statement states a grave dilemma on ever resolving past the issue and finding a solution for technological advances. While very few of the following points hit on the federal funding issues most citizens have put forth more energy on pushing morals rather than funding. Many of the clinical trials discussed were ran all over the world and outline many different researchers ideas on stem cell research and their data findings and research methodology on this growing scientific exploration. Citizens and the government are at a standstill on whether to morally agree upon and federally fund stem cell research even though the research can potentially kill unborn embryos and is putting the government at a split decision on supporting the issue. There are many types of ways to perform stem cell research. The first study goes over a popular way of getting stem cells, mesenchymal transplantation. Blanc started a study which was a prospective registration study to include all patients consecutively treated with mesenchymal stem cells in the participating centres of the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation mesenchymal stem cell consortium (Blanc, 2008). This type of treatment is known to help people with GVHD who had trouble with other stem cell transplants. There are many ways to try to intake stem cells as shown in the study most patients received ciclosporin combined with either four doses of intravenous methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil. In patients receiving cord-blood transplantation, ciclosporin was combined with prednisolone. Recipients of haemopoietic stem cells from unrelated donors were treated with antithymocyte globulin, antilymphocyte globulin, or alemtuzumab (Blanc, 2008). In this instance where there are many patients receiving different versions of stem cells there are many different types of results such as 92 infusions of mesenchymal stem cells were given; 27 patients had one infusion, while 28 had two or more (figure 1, table 3). Of the 28 patients treated with multiple infusions, 15 received cells derived from two or more donors. No patients had acute side-effects either during or after infusion; and none have had late side-effects so far. Median time from transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells to infusion of mesenchymal stem cells was 103 days (Blanc, 2008). Transplantation can be one of the hardest ways to extract stem cells and insert into the patient, but this way of research is growing and having outstanding results. This study shows a lot of hope for a positive outlook of stem cell research because none of the patients had side effects or late showing side effects like other injections might show after a certain amount of time. Study two goes over tissue transplant used to attempt to treat Parkinsons disease. There are a large number of participants willing to participate in stem cell research studies. For instance, more than 350 patients worldwide have received fetal ventral mesencephalic (FVM) tissue transplants in various open-label and in two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with variable results. In one placebo-controlled clinical trial, some improvements in all 10 subjects 60 years of age was observed. 1 The other clinical trial failed to meet its clinical end point, with no overall marked improvement in the motor features of 34 patients with Parkinson's disease (Master, 2007). With clinical trials there is always a chance that the results may completely fail. There was a study done by Master where In two clinical cases, FVM tissue transplantation has also led to a 70% beneficial reduction or full cessation of parkinsonian drugs. Although several studies show some improveme nt in motor behavior in participants after surgery, long-term assessment shows that such treatments are not fully effective in all patients with Parkinson's disease, with 34 subjects showing no overall improvement after transplantation. Two Side effects such as the development of postoperative dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements and postures) have also been reported in 56.5% of patients who were taken off drugs and are a major concern Master, 2007). Most patients had a positive experience and succeeded in the clinical trial than patients that saw little to no improvement. This third study goes over injection of stem cells and the difference between intracoronary (i.c) injection and intramyocardial (i.m) injection and their separate advantages. Mathiasien performed a study on each way to transplant stem cells and there was [A]n open, nonrandomized study involving autologous BMMNCs injected intracoronary (ic.) in ten ST-elevation-MI (STEMI) patients demonstrated increased LVEF, enhanced LV systolic function and reduced scar tissue after 3 months [71], and the same group recently reported 5-year data on an open, nonrandomized study involving 62 ic. treated patients with MI The positive effects found in the first study were reproduced and found stable after 5 years follow-up. In addition, there was improved exercise capacity and reduced mortality (Mathiasien, 2009). These results are a big improvement from other stem cell injections especially the high rate of patients standards after the follow up. Other studies using im. injection for delivery have used the NOGA XP system for mapping of the LV and to guide the injections, usually in the border area between normal and dead endocardial tissue [83]. Although im. injection of skeletal myoblasts has been demonstrated to have a proarrythmogenic effect [48,69,70], im. injection of BM stem cells and angiogenic genes have been reported to be safe without arrhythmias or death (Mathiasien, 2009). These studies with i.m. injection is positive as well but the i.c. study seems to have more substantial evidence and a better life span after treatment. Most people believe The optimal delivery method of the cells to the myocardium has yet to be determined. For MSCs the im. delivery method appears to be preferable to the ic. method, at least until reports on microvascular occlusions, owing to the rather large size of MSCs, have been investigated further (Mathiasien, 2009). There may be better long-term effects from i.c. but in the i.m. study there are more scientists involved in this injection techn ique and more scientist using this method. Along with each way to perform stem cell research come many potential life long risks. Morally, many people are concerned with the destruction of embryos and the many risks associated with stem cell research. The many risks that come with stem cell research is why this topic is such a huge controversial topic today. Many people must weigh out the option and make sure in their heart and mind that the reward of scientific advancement is a big enough gain to possibly lose a life. Aside from the scientific research, many people form their own opinions to not let stem cell research continue to be an afterthought for research but stand up to a flawed system. Scientist time and time again have said stem cell research to be dangerous and not always succeed. Many scientists attempt using embryonic stem cell and The embryos used in this kind of research are typically donated by individuals or couples who conceived them by in- vitro fertilization (IVF) in the context of receiving assisted reproduction treatment, but who no longer need or want them for such a purpose (Snead, 2011 ). The main controversy is over is it okay to destroy a human embryo in order to gain important stem cells for extensive research that can help the world of science. This research can help yield regenerative substance and help bioethics make technological advances such as: cloning, embryonic stem cells and possibly immortality. While many embryos in such clinics get used and create life Hundreds of thousands of embryos stored in the U.S. in invitro fertilization clinics will not be used for reproductive purposes and will eventually be destroyed. I believe that it is ethical to use these extra embryos for research that could save lives when they are freely donated for that express purpose (Sharockman, 2010). The question of morality is answered by using untouched and unneeded embryos that, without science would be destroyed anyways. With a new age advancement in stem cell research there are many unknowns such as short- and long-term lifelong risks. With any research there can always be risks but with stem cell research such manipulated stem cells might integrate into unintended tissues, differentiate or de-differentiate into unintended cell types, or fail to function appropriately (Lo, 2008). These stem cells can attach to other organs and unintentionally fail the research. With risks comes rewards and stem cell research can tremendously change the way we see untreatable diseases and give patients answers and hope with their disease. With stem cell research being relatively new in the sense of being able to research the positive and negatives towards patients. One major disease that can be possibly cured is patients that have issues with GVHD bone marrow stem cells injection can possibly cure this disease. In this instance Blanc describes that Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow might be a safe and effective treatment for patients with severe, acute GVHD who do not respond to corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive therapies (Blanc, 2008). People who have an irritation from one type of stem cell might take better to another type. Stem cells taken from bone marrow have had a better chance of helping then allogenic stem cell transplantation, which is stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Another major disease that can possibly be cured from stem cell research is heart disease. There have been many Clinical studies on stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration (which) have shown significant improveme nts in ventricular pump function, ventricular remodeling, myocardial perfusion, exercise potential and clinical symptoms compared with conventionally treated control groups (Mathiasen, 2009). These studies can change the meaning of heart issues and breaking the wall of no return. Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation hit a high standard regarding treating autoimmune diseases. One treatment process explained treating someone with an autoimmune disease and talks further about One of the first diseases to be cured by this approach was aplastic anaemia the prototype haematological autoimmune disease [64]. A large proportion of these patients have now survived for over 20 years and 90% of them have returned to work [15] an important gold standard by which allogeneic HSCT in non-haematological autoimmune diseases will be measured (Moore, 2001). When working with stem cell research and specifically transplantation there are many risk such as: disease from the body that was left over or disease from the stem cell being transplanted. Hitting a Gold standard in any way is an achievement but in the future of medicine it is important to hit milestones so that scientist are sure of releasing information to the world to be tested. There are many ways that stem cell therapy can help many diseases and some more than stem cell injection. With many diseases running rampant there is always hope for clinical trial patients and their potential treatment from stem cell research. The many diseases that can potentially be cured from stem cell research would help the future of medical medicine tremendously and give people hope in a cure. Main wrote a great report on innovative medicine stating: We need to provide opportunities for innovative medicine on compassionate grounds but prevent over-enthusiasts from providing unproven and potentially unsafe procedures (Main, 2014). There are many opportunities available for stem cell research and it is so important to find a treatment for many life altering diseases but vise versa also important to keep patients safe and aware of the bad outcomes. Some research can take anywhere from one to five years and maybe more to see a true difference. Many articles are written everyday reporting the hope for the future of medicine. Some of These reports have led millions of people worldwide to hope that regenerative medicine is about to revolutionize biomedicine: either through transplantation of cells grown in the laboratory, o r by finding ways to stimulate a patients intrinsic stem cells to repair diseased and damaged organs (Main, 2014). The impending future for medicine includes in some way shape or form stem cells to change the way we tackle diseases. There are many ways to utilize stem cells. As Main stated either way the world looks at disease, stem cell research mixed with technological advances, will change the future of medicine forever. The treatment of diseases using stem cell research plays a big part in whether the federal government will be involved with funding stem cell research. Before looking to future federal funding we first must look at the last couple decades at the history of federal funding and this will reveal what the future holds for government participation. Federal funding is more important than most people think about because without money, medical advances will not exist and continue to grow in the future. There have been many bans on federal funding and the zero effects on private clinics. Looking into the history of the government participation mainly started In 1997 President Clinton issued an executive order banning the use of federal funds for stem cell research. However, such a ban has little effect on private fertility clinics. For twenty years, the federal government has refused to provide funds for research on IVF, but that has not stopped the hundreds of privately-financed IVF clinics from creating tens of thousands of babies (Annas, 2002). This had zero affect on private fertility clinics and scientist whom decided to use their perso nal funds to continue research. When these scientists want to personally fund research and decide to practice stem cell research how they want the government still has control over how they go forth performing research. There are many people that feel this ban should be practiced by all states and Eleven states have laws regulating research and/or experimentation on conceptuses, embryos, fetuses or unborn children that use broad enough language to apply to early embryos. It should be noted, however, that these bans would not apply once the techniques are no longer considered to be research and instead are thought of as standard practice (Annas, 2002). There is a fine line to be drawn between research to ban and practice to be appreciated. Federal funding does not seem to hold water when it comes differentiating between the two. Politics have governed stem cell research more than science. The new president has the most control over what happens with further research. Now we must look at the current presidencies ideas on lifting the ban on embryonic stem cell research. With our current presidential candidate, we must get his views and hope to get answers for the future of stem cell research. Trump has made many statements about stem cell research Trump himself has said he opposes abortion; a related issue Momentum has shifted to experimentation with other kinds of stem cells not derived from embryos. Artificially created stem cells called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, act like embryonic cells, but are created from adult cells, such as skin cells (Fikes,2016). Trump has made many stances that he is against abortion and that is why he is on the side of transforming stem cells for science but using adult stem cells instead of embryonic. On the other side of the world they have different stances on whether the government should be involved. The U.S. is behind when it comes to stem cell research behind other countries. We as a country have a long way to go in healthcare before reaching other rising countries. When interviewers talked with members of the Brazil government they stated, Members of this stem cell network were disappointed when their funding was discontinued in 2005, but a new network, the National Network of Cell Therapy, was funded in 2008, showing a renewed government commitment to stem cell research (McMahon, 2010). Other countries around the world have different point of views on stem cell research and whether the governments involvement is crucial. Federal funding has a huge potential to help push stem cell research in the right direction and help to change the world of modern medicine. Whether we can move along towards research or away from it a decision needs to be made on if embryonic stem cell research is morally sound and deserves to be federally funded, so we can move forward as a whole and make technologically advances for the better. There are many ways to perform stem cell research such as transplantation, injection and many more as the years and technology advances. The risk of injury and death in any technological greatness is almost always a guarantee. There are many severe illnesses that stem cell research can treat and cure with years to come. The question of federal funding needs to be revised and made concrete, so the next presidential candidate can not create a ban or bring down a ban without permission. Federal funding may be a bigger element to the growth of research than most people put into question. How are we supposed to move forward in research if the next president will swoop in and change the rules and ban certain research from continuing. Originally in 1977 we were supposed to move forward, then Clinton came into office and set up bans on research. What will the future bring if the next president that comes into office every four years has a different view and different political side on whether to push towards or away from medical advances due to political and moral thoughts on abortion and the human body? A big part of continuing to federal fund research is for people who cannot get it in the states go across the border and risk being botched and new diseases. Federal funding will help to lower the risks of crossing the boarder for stem cell research and bringing back brand-new undiagnosed diseases to this country. These statements above should improve the decisions or at least resolve the issue associated with the morality and federal funding of stem cell research.

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