Classmate review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classmate review - Essay Example In terms of market value total, Lowe’s is valued at over 66 billion dollars, which his a little under half the valuation of Home Depot. All other competitors are valued at less than 20 percent of Lowe’s. In early 2015, Lowe’s growth rate was 23.5 percent compared to 19.4 percent for Home Depot (Zacks.com, 2015). Since 2009, Lowe’s has increased revenue by eight million dollars, doubled earnings per share, almost tripled return on equity and increased cash flow and return on assets (S&P Capital IQ, 2015). Since Lowe’s outlook is directly linked to the housing market and economy, the opportunity for growth has improved over the past 18 months. As of June 30th, BMO Capital upgraded Lowe’s from market perform to outperform, and stated the Lowe’s stock is 45 percent higher than the lowest point over the last 52 weeks (Brian, 2015). Additionally, Lowe’s financial position has increased over the past six years, which was also during the late stage of the housing crash and eventual rebound. Improvement during those times provides optimism for the current economic situation. Lowe’s is a three-star ranking, an A- in the earnings and dividends rank, has low volatility, and bearish but is only a 31 percent in terms of relative strength. Given the increased housing market, financial position, and economic outlook, Lowe’s is predicted to increase earnings and appears to be a solid investment opportunity. Brian, C. (2015). Upgrade Alert for Lowes (LOW)." SmarTrend Market Maven 30 June 2015. Business Insights: Global. Web. 2 July 2015. Retrieved from http://bi.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/global/article/GALE|A419930355/876418cde7877f9275adfcadbfe58b3a?u=vic_liberty The writer had enough emphasis on the type of business Lowe Companies, Inc. do. There was also mention of the competitors that the company

Why Do Most Teenagers Smoke Psychology Essay

Why Do Most Teenagers Smoke Psychology Essay Smoking is defined as the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke that inhaled contains about 4,000 chemicals, including cancer-causing nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide (Martin T, 2008). Smoking is also an addictive habit that can have long negative effects on health, including mental and physical health (Nyholm C, 2009). There are many negative effects cause by smoking such as lung diseases, heart diseases, stroke and increasing blood pressure (Iannelli V, 2004). Tar is the brown, tacky material that left behind at the end of the cigarette filter. It makes a smokers teeth and fingers brown and coats everything it touches with a brownish-yellow film. Tar in the cigarette smoke paralyzes the cilia in the lungs and leads to lung diseases. For examples, emphysema, bronchitis and lung cancer (Martin 2006). Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a type of gas which is colorless, neutral and tasteless. When the level of carbon monoxide in the blood increases, it will decrease the ability to carry oxygen. It is harmful to the body at any level and it can cause death while long-term exposure at lower levels can lead to heart disease (Aiers 2007). Nicotine is an active drug which is also a stimulant that activates the brains rewards system can be found in cigarette. Nicotine induces feelings of pleasure and increases mental awareness when it reaches the brain. Nicotine also constricts blood flow to the heart, thus increasing blood pressure and heart rate (Besinger 2003). Hydrogen cyanide, a colorless, poisonous gas, is one of the toxic present in cigarette smoke. Breathing in small amounts of hydrogen cyanide may cause a person headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, and vomiting while breathing in larger amounts may cause them gasping, irregular heartbeats, fainting, and rapid death (Martin 2008). There are many factors causing teenagers smoke such as peer pressure, the feel good syndrome, curiosity, and the power of role models. Usually teenagers start smoking when their best friend smokes, but this is not the only factor as parental smoking can make it seem normal to do, the media can also make it look more attractive, and sometimes teenagers have very easy access to tobacco products (Gorman 1996). Teenagers always look for approval and acceptance from their peers. Friends who smoke will always encourage them to smoke (Christensen SA, 2008). This become a strong force for teenagers start to smoke just to fit in with the crowd. Frequently they feel confident and pressured. Some teenagers believe that smoking makes them more popular, cool, attractive, sexy or strong. They just want to have a cool look when people around see them and did not think of the negative effects that will affect their health (Evans 2008). 2.2 Feel good syndrome Smoking is a way to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions such as sadness, distress, and worry. It can hide apprehensions, fears, and pain. This is accomplished moderately through the chemical effects of nicotine on the brain.  Nicotine is one of the main ingredients in cigarettes which are poison and as addictive as heroin and cocaine (Stevenson J, 2008).When smoking, the release of brain chemicals makes smokers feel like coping and dealing with life and stressful emotional situations. Nicotine in the cigarette will increase the level of good feeling (Dr. Annette 2009). 2.3 Curiosity Cigarettes are available everywhere and almost anybody can get them. Wanted to know how smoke a cigarette feels like is always stated as a reason for teenagers to try to smoke a cigarette. People always feel curios and wanted to try something new in their life at teen age. Because of the availability of getting a cigarette is easy and the curiosity of teenagers, therefore it increase the number of teenagers who smoke (Evans 2008). 2.4 The power of role models Teens are most influenced by other friends close in age or slightly older, including siblings. Many of them smoke because their parents are smokers (Christensen SA, 2008). Therefore, a person whose best friends or older siblings smoke is much more likely to try smoking. In some cases, this is because the person looks up to his friends or family members and wants to be like them. Some of them think that doing the same thing only they can join in with the people around them although they know is not good for health (Evans 2008). 2 2.5 Media Portrayals of smoking in the media are nearly all attractive. Many of the teenagers admire the actors will follow what the actors do by watching those movie or drama. They do not think of the negative effect of smoking on their health but just want to be like the actors. They also do not think carefully whether the action did in the drama or movie is good or bad but just do it. Besides that, smoking also appears in music videos. Cigars are mainly seen as a symbol that goes with living the high life (Harsanyi 2007). 2.6 Help losing weight For some, teenager thought smoking can help them to lose their weight. They will use being overweight as an excuse to smoke (Spitzer J, 2003). Instead of eating, many teenagers especially girls will choose to smoke a cigarette. This keeps their minds off from food. Some of the teenagers think that smoking can help them achieve the look they want. They learn about this weight control methods mostly from their friends, so they start skipping meals and use cigarettes to replace the meal. Smoking does kill craving for food, but it does not help to lose weight as many as they think (Hutton 1996). Methods to prevent smoking There are many methods to prevent teenagers smoke so that they will have a healthy life and prevent from getting some disease. Everyone should know the method and prevent the people around them smoke so that it would not affect their health. By prevent from smoking, people would have a longer lifespan and can live happily because of having a healthy life. 3.1 Governments role Country should make more efforts to prevent teenagers smoke. More information about the effect of smoking should show by public service announcements. For example, show some pictures that how the smokers lungs look like. The country should also enforce the rules so that teenagers could not smoke under age. Besides, the sale of cigarettes in the country also should decrease (Abel 2009).It is also necessary to have anti-smoking campaign especially for teenagers at school and public areas. Teen anti-smoking campaign will definitely be helpful. Professional doctors should be volunteers to talk about the negative effect of smoking during the anti-smoking campaign to the teenagers. Examples of the campaign are Taknak!!, Fight smoking and A Powerful Tool for Health Promotion (Siegel M, 1998). Those anti tobacco campaigns will motivate the youth to know the negative effects of smoking cigarettes on health, economy and mentality and benefits of quitting smoking. It may also motivate teenagers to stay away from smoking (Jacoby p.A19). In addition, anti smoking slogans are also used to influence those smokers to quit or prevent teenagers from smoking. There are many slogans use to prevent teenagers from smoking such as Too much smoke will leave you broke, If you cant stop smoking, cancer will, There are cooler ways to die than smoking and You smoke, you die early, you save the government money (Bose D, 2009). 3 3.2 Parents role Parents should give more information about the negative effect of smoking to their children since they are still young and small. Almost all the first time smoking happens before high school graduation. If teenager has not started smoking before he or she graduates, chances are he or she never will. That is good news because parents still have the time to influence their choices of not trying smoking (Witmer 2006). Parents also should set a good example to their children by not smoking. If parents smoke and do not want to influence their children, the only way to prevent their children from smoking is avoid smoking in front of them and do not smoke at the place where their children can see such as in the house or car (Mayo 2010). 3.4. Teachers role Teachers also play an important role in preventing teenagers smoke. As a teacher, the way to prevent student smoke at teen age are care teenagers more and give them more teaching on the effect of smoking. Besides, teacher also should observe the students and stop them from smoking if found out that they had started to smoke. More moral and religion teaching should be given to the students in the school so that students can prevent themselves from start smoking. The school should have more healthy activities so that student will have more time to participate in good activities (Carney S, 2007). 3.5 Develop self respect and confidence There are many reasons that why teenagers smoke and one of the reason is because of peer pressure. Most of them think that it is a way to look cool and be a part of the crowd. They have to instill enough self respect, esteem and confidence so that they do not feel the need for external approval. People around should help teenagers build up their friendships, shape a healthy body image and deal with stress, without thinking about tobacco use. By helping teenagers and let them have enough confidence to themselves, they would not think of changing themselves by smoking and thus, they can prevent from smoking (Worth 1999). Conclusion In conclusion, there are many factors causing teenagers smoke such as pressure, the feel good syndrome, curiosity, the power of role models, media effect and help losing weight. Having campaign, parents role, national efforts, teachers role and develop self respect and confidence are important in this case so that it can prevent teenagers to smoke. Smoking is not good for health and there are many negative effect of smoking. Therefore, teenager should avoid smoking and take care of their health. (1864words) 4

A Readers Guide To The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

A Reader’s Guide to The Catcher in the Rye Though J.D. Salinger’s book, The Catcher in the Rye, has served as a major controversial element of fiction within our reading society, it does, in fact, contain another side to the story. Holden Caulfield, who is sixteen, has just flunked out of another boarding school that his parents have sent him to. It seems that he has become very experienced in failing courses. The only classes that he manages to pass are the ones that repeat the same teaching material that he has previously learned in another school. During our experience with Holden at Pencey, which is the boarding school he currently resides at, we learn of his great negativity that he has against most of the members of this institution. Holden can find something that just seems to annoy him in every situation that he encounters and in every place that he may be. One of the most used words within the story is "Phony." Holden often seems to describe most others as being "Phony." The words they say, the ways they act, and their personalities towards others often appear to him as being "Phony." During almost every scene that takes place within the story, the reader will encounter, numerously, Holden’s dislike for the surroundings and the people. This is what makes up the negative aura that surrounds the book. Holden spends several days wandering around New York City before he decides to return home. He is supposed to arrive home on Wednesday; however, he decided to leave the school early so he could have a few days to relax and prepare for his homecoming. He is frightened at what his family will say to him failing yet another boarding school. While his father wanted him to attend Yale, he just does not seem to have what it takes to be a serious student. There is something that just holds Holden back from achieving what he wants from life. While he is in New York, he has several meetings with old acquaintances. These are previous friends of his that he has always seemed to like very well. However, within some of these confrontations, we learn of some of the negativity’s that seems to cross his mind. After the first few chapters, the reader can be tempted to stop reading because of this mood. The reader never really learns of the experiences that Holden has after he returns home.

Postmodernism and Connection to Society

Post-Modernism and Connection to Society In a world that is constantly changing and developing, art can fluctuate throughout time. Postmodernism, is commonly referred to the movement of art, architecture, and criticism in the late 20th century. Various interpretations of culture, art, philosophy, history, economics, and fiction are widely pronounced themes and topics found in art during this era. In history, many different societies have emerged throughout time. In many third world and developing countries, as well as historical eras,Authoritarianism, or commonly known as a closed society, corruption and pluralism have been influenced into art. Political history and society is widely influenced and depicted in the art we see today. The shift during mid to late sass abstract impressionism and conceptuality, new styles showing an unprecedented degree of self-awareness on the part of the artists, as well as a rejection of Modern art's emotional and spiritual detachment from society aros e. Postmodernism is largely a psychological reaction against assumptions and values of western history. There are o hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. A thing is not necessarily either true or false; it can be both true and false. † – Harold Painter Harold Painter states a postmodern reality can be perceived differently, that there may not be only one way of viewing things. Postmodernism begins in 1968 in Paris, when college students and professors Joined workers and revolted against repressive French institutions.Artworks during this time usually feature a reality whose existence and properties are logically independent of human nines. Larry MacAfee states that postmodernists are, â€Å"Consuming themselves in the form of images and abstractions through which their desires, sense of identity, and memories are replicated and then sold back to them as products† Postmodernist art is a visual repres entation of this â€Å"reality'. Notable postmodern artists include Barbara Kruger, Jenny Holler, Christi and Jeanne-Claude, Jeff Soon, Attacks Murrain, and Nan Golden.An Authoritarianism is a society that blindly obeys authority. Represented by no individual freedom and unquestioning obedience. Egg. Engineers Dollhouse's chancellorship in Austria contained many authoritarian elements. â€Å"limited, not responsible, political pluralism† that is, constraints on political institutions and groups such as legislatures, political parties and interest groups, a basis for legitimacy based on emotion, especially the identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat â€Å"easily recognizable societal problems† such as underdevelopment or insurgency.Neither â€Å"intensive nor extensive political manipulation† – Juan Line Line specifies forms of authoritarianism room dictatorship states as well as totalitarian experiences. The three pieces incorporates p ostmodernism and authoritarianism. â€Å"Melting Reality' is set in an empty downtown city street. Billboards and advertisements that line the sides of the buildings seem to melt and mix in with the world around it. This piece deals with the media advertising part of a â€Å"corrupt society' theme. Society and the people in it are heavily influenced by what the media tells us.The media imposes standards for body image, beauty, and a certain physical ideal. â€Å"Melting Reality' takes tales from contemporary art and is the base piece in which the other two artworks are connected to. Inspired by the artist this painting an acrylic on canvas shows what a general overview of a â€Å"corrupt society' looks like. Media, often referred to as the fourth pillar in democracy, plays a key role in monitoring and investigating the actions of those in power and informing citizens about them. When the media however is forced to hide a story by the government as to what to report, the media be comes corrupted.Types of corruption in the media vary from bribery in the form f cash for news, staged or fake news, gift giving, concealed advertisement and advertisements to nepotism and media capture by vested private or political interests. The piece â€Å"Blurred News† is a small section taken from one of the walls in â€Å"Melting Reality'. The color contrast in â€Å"Blurred News† can be clearly analyzed as an off-cut of the first piece. Mixed medium on canvas helps the audience perceive how the newspaper can be manipulated or destroyed at will by authorities. Measles Hierarchy of Needs is the main subject of the piece â€Å"Before All†.What separates this ice, and a normal Measles Hierarchy of Needs, is the additional layer on the bottom of the pyramid representing wealth. Measles Hierarchy of Needs was made to show what a majority of society valued in life. The bottom layers are meant to be most important. While the top layers are meant to be least imp ortant when considering what you need to live. By adding an additional layer at the bottom of the pyramid, this shows that the position society is in today values wealth and power more than anything else. The work â€Å"Before All† is a mixed medium on canvas.

Progressive Era Through the Great Depression

Progressive Era through the Great Depression Lacinda Adams Contemporary U. S. History, Strayer University Prof. Jahangir Salehi November 10, 2012 Progressive Era through the Great Depression There were many key historical turning points in the period of Progressive Era through the Great Depression. With the turn of the twentieth century Progressivism began with a specific agenda which was to clean up the nation’s cities. Social and political movement grew from this era, including reforms on state and national levels with efforts to diminish poverty, introduce labor reform, and improve the unsatisfactory conditions of urban housing.Many reform groups were established for the rights of Americans; including religion, state political reform, and woman’s progressiveness. During this time Roosevelt enacted the New Deal which was designed to regulate the economy and provide for national recovery. This initiative addressed political, economic, and social demands all at once. Wo men’s Reform During the Progressive era woman organized many major reforms, but despite all of this they were still denied the right to vote.Two women’s groups were created to promote women’s suffrage (1) the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), founded in 1890, and (2) the National Women’s Party (NWP), founded in 1913. (Shultz, 2012) The combined efforts of these two groups led to victory and the women won the right to vote in 1920, just after the end of World War I when the Nineteenth Amendment was passed. Although they won the right to vote in 1920, women of the west had earned the right to vote before those in southern states.After reading several articles and websites I believe women earned the right to vote in the frontier states of the West before eastern and southern states for reasons as stated in the article â€Å"Why Did Colorado Suffragists Fail to Win the Right to Vote in 1877, but Succeed in 1893? † In this article it is speculated the â€Å"West was a place where freedom, independence, and democracy reigned. † To encourage women settlers to move to the western states and territories they were enticed with such things from the political leaders as being granted women’s suffrage, which could include the right to vote.During the Progressive Era women were considered the â€Å"moral guardians† and protectors of the home. (Reforming Their World, 2007) Women stood up for the rights of their family; protecting them at home and in the public, by fighting for their rights. Many things we take for granted today, they fought for in the Progressive Era as luxuries, including hot lunches at schools, community playgrounds, fire codes for office buildings, and public libraries. Working women fought for improved working conditions and wage increases. Black American woman also fought against the â€Å"war† on racism.Together both the white and black women worked for equal, improved a nd fair rights for women and children. Roosevelt – The New Deal Roosevelt was elected to his first term in 1932, with a jobless rate of 24% in America. (Shlaes, 2009) Immediately upon entering office he made several positive moves to improve the economy including creating the New Deal and reassuring seniors by creating Social Security. With his aggressiveness the unemployment rate had dropped 10% by 1936 when he was running for re-election. The New Deal was designed to regulate the economy, provide for national recovery.This initiative addressed political, economic, and social demands all at once. Through this initiative he created several programs. The Emergency Banking Relief Act, which was established to have federal control over banks and, if necessary, rescued them from disaster with government loans. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) creates economic programs that would employ the unemployed. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) instituted programs t o regulate industry, establish labor rights, and improve working conditions.All which were effective in restoring economic recovery. With the help of Roosevelt, through The New Deal, farmers were given help with a new reform proposal called the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). The AAA attempted to address the great problem of agriculture and offered farmers cash subsidies to not grow crops. (Shultz, 2012) Although, Americans wanted to believe in Roosevelt’s New Deal plan, his budget spending was getting more out of control and becoming more erratic. During his first term the federal budget rose from 6% to 9% of the nation's GDP.He had many critics on both democratic and republican sides. On the democratic side, some feared his programs increased the power of the government while others saw it as an overextension of federal power. Republicans believed the best option for the depression was to â€Å"let market forces take their course, knowing that, in time, there would be a new era of growth and recovery. † (Shultz, 2012) Several pieces of legislation were passed during the Roosevelt-Taft-Wilson progressive era that is still influential to the way businesses are conducting.The sixteenth amendment was passed during Taft’s time in office, authorizing income taxes. He was also very active in supporting courts against unfair trade practices by corporations. (Devine, 2010) During Wilson’s term in office he was successful in passing the Federal Reserve Act, which centralized banking and created the Federal Reserve Board. This act is still very influential in helping to regulate interest rates and the money supply. At this time the Federal Trade Commission was also enacted.Spanish American War The Spanish-American War of 1898 transformed the United States into a major overseas power. The war concerned American politicians, especially when American business interests might be compromised, because of the geographical location of countries l ike Cuba and the Philippines who the Spanish were fighting against. The victory over Cuba and the Philippines prompted a treaty which resulted in the U. S. annexing Hawaii and Spain relinquishing most of its overseas possessions to the U. S. ncluding Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam, in exchange for $20 million. (Shultz, 2012) Roaring Twenties During the roaring twenties the economy was healthy. Production was up in the steel and automotive industry. Consumerism was up. People could suddenly afford to purchase clothes and property and cars. Many people had electricity in their homes, and were purchasing televisions, refrigerators, radios, washing machines, and vacuums. Banks were extending credit to people and they were investing in the stock market.Congress passed prohibition laws were passed and the Volstead Act (1919), which handed down strict punishments for individuals violating this amendment. Women won the right to vote with the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment. All of these affected the federal government’s involvement in the national economy. (Shultz, 2012) References Devine, Robert A (2010) America Past and Present, AP Edition, Pearson, New York City, NY Retrieved November 11, 2012 from http://wps. ablongman. com/long_divine_appap_7/23/5931/1518407. cw/index. tml Reforming Their World: Women in the Progressive Era (2007). Retrieved November 10, 2012 from National Women's History Museum: http://www. nwhm. org/online-exhibits/progressiveera/home. html Shultz, Kevin M. (2012) HIST, Volume 2, 2nd Edition, Boston, Massachusetts: Wadsworth Why Did Colorado Suffragists Fail to Win the Right to Vote in 1877, but Succeed in 1893? Retrieved November 11, 2012 from http://womhist. alexanderstreet. com/colosuff/intro. htm Shlaes, A. (2009). Deal or No Deal? (Cover story). Time, 173(26), 38-42. Progressive Era Through the Great Depression Progressive Era Through the Great Depression Tynisha Miller Assignment 2: History 105 Professor Tonya Simmons November 11, 2012 Identify at least two (2) major historical turning points in the period under discussion. The women’s suffrage is one of the major historical turning points in the Progressive Era. During this time there were two groups that pushed and furthered the cause of women’s suffrage. The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), founded in 1890, and the National Women’s Party (NWP), founded in 1913 and led by Alice Paul (Schultz,2012,pg. 41-42). The second major historical turning point in this era I will discuss is the Stock Market Crash of October 1929. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 devastated the economy and was a key factor in beginning the Great Depression. Analyze the impact of the two (2) or more major historical turning points selected on America’s current society, economy, politics, and culture. The Women’s Su ffrage movement had a major impact on society, economy, politics, and culture.In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment was passed and women won the right to vote (Schultz, 2012, pg. 342). The enfranchisement of women was the largest expansion of the voting population in American history, significantly increasing the American electorate. This movement opened many doors for women; they now knew that they had a voice and the right to speak on political issues within the government and allowed them property rights. The stock market crash of 1929 caused fear and panic throughout the country and resulted in the beginning of the Great Depression.All aspects of the economy were affected by this downward spiral in the stock market; it caused many banks and businesses to fail and have to fail for bankruptcy. Unemployment increased, which created a decrease in purchasing power for consumers and that led to businesses having to lower prices on merchandise. Many laborers were forced to choose between wa ge cuts and pink slips, others who retained their jobs saw their income shrink by a third (U. S. History). It was years before this downward cycle broke.Speculate as to why women earned the right to vote in the frontier states of the west before eastern and southern states. Leading suffragists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were Easterners, thought their home states would be the first to accept women's suffrage (Old West, 1889). Stanton and Anthony, accused abolitionist and Republican supporters of emphasizing black civil rights at the expense of women's rights, formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) in May of 1869 (National Archives).The National American Women Suffrage Association campaigned for a federal amendment to enfranchise women. The American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), founded 6 months later by Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson, protested the confrontational tactics of the NWSA and tied itself closely to the Republican Party while concentrating solely on securing the vote for women state by state (National Archives). In 1890 the two suffrage organizations merged into the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) (National Archives).Stanton became its president, Anthony became its vice president, and Stone became chairman of the executive committee (National Archives). In the west the male ratio dominated women in numbers, meaning that men definitely held power in the western states. Some historians suggest western men may have been rewarding pioneer women for their critical role in settling the West (Old West, 1889). Describe at least two (2) pieces of legislation in the Roosevelt-Taft-Wilson progressive era years that have influenced the conduct of business to this day and what that influence has been.Theodore . Roosevelt believed that industrial society was threatened by the immortality of big businessmen, who were more interested in personal gain than in the good of socie ty (Schultz, 2012, pg. 343). Even though Roosevelt punished multiple companies for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act, his main focus was on the nation’s railroads who were accused of abusing the industry. The Elkins Act of 1903 was a part of the legislation put into place in order to end the practice of railroad companies granting shipping rebates to favorable companies (American President).Realizing that the Elkins Act was not effective he introduced the Hepburn Act of 1906, which limited prices that railroads could charge and allowed the federal government to monitor the financial books of the large railroad (Schultz, 2012, pg. 343). Roosevelt’s successor was William H. Taft; he helped put companies under control by getting the Mann-Elkin Act passed (William Taft, 27th President). This act focused on the telephone, telegraph, radio, and cable companies as well as railroad companies, allowing the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to monitor.President Wilson; assi sted in passing the Clayton Antitrust Act in 1914, this law outlawed unfair practices among businesses, he also supported the creation of the Federal Trade Commission, a government agency that had the right to investigate business practices and issue rulings to prevent businesses from continuing such practices (Schultz,2012,pg. 344). Explain the role that the Spanish American War played in America’s development of an Empire. The war between Spain and the United States transformed the U. S. into a major overseas power (Schultz, 2012, pg. 53). For years the U. S. has been interested in gaining possession of overseas territories in order to pursue naval bases, trade agreements, and democratic ideas. Imperialist believed that if the U. S. wanted to be viewed as holding world power, then they had to show that they were a powerful nation. A leading nation had to have military might and foreign possessions (US History). Initially the decision to enter into war was not for imperialis m but for humanitarian, geopolitical and commercial reasons (Schultz, 2012, pg. 53). The economy was being ruined because of the fighting between the Cubans and the Spanish. American’s understood and sympathized with Cubans’ fighting for their independence from Spain. Explain at least two (2) ways in which the boom and bust of the Roaring Twenties followed by the Great Depression affected the federal government’s involvement in the national economy. In response to the Great Depression President Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal†, increased federal spending tremendously.The â€Å"New Deal† was put into place to regulate the economy, provide for national recovery, and create a social safety net for all Americans (Schultz, 2012, pg. 395). Roosevelt knew he needed to first address the banking crisis, because of this he formed the Emergency Banking Relief Act. This Act passed on March 9, 1933, established federal control over banks and, if necessary, re scued them from disaster with government loans (Schultz, 2012, pg. 396). The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was formed to create economic programs to employ the unemployed (Schultz, 2012, pg. 96). Before this the Federal Government had never released funds for public works projects. The Civilian Conservation Corps was one of FERA’s most successful of all the public works projects. The CCC enlisted unemployed young men to building and repairing highways, forest service sites, flood control projects and national park buildings (Schultz, 2012, pg. 396). References Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2 (Vol. 2). Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. U. S. History Online Textbook: Sinking Deeper and Deeper:1929-33: Retrieved from-http://www. shistory. org/us/48b. asp Old West (September 30, 1989) Wyoming Legislators write the first state constitution to grant women the right to vote. Retrieved from- http://www. history. com American President: Theodore Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs: R etrieved from- http://www. millercenter. org William Howard Taft: Biography: Retrieved from- http://www. biography. com/people/william-taft-9501184 United States American History. Spanish-American War: Retrieved from- http://www. u-s-history. com

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities Sex chromosome abnormalities occur as a result of chromosome mutations brought on by mutagens (like radiation) or problems that occur during meiosis. One type of mutation is caused by chromosome breakage. The broken chromosome fragment may be deleted, duplicated, inverted, or translocated to a non-homologous chromosome. Another type of mutation occurs during meiosis and causes cells to have either too many or not enough chromosomes. Alterations in the number of chromosomes in a cell can result in changes in an organisms phenotype or physical traits. Normal Sex Chromosomes In human sexual reproduction, two distinct gametes fuse to form a zygote. Gametes are reproductive cells produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. They contain only one set of chromosomes and are said to be haploid (one set of 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome). When the haploid male and female gametes unite in a process called fertilization, they form what is called a zygote. The zygote is diploid, meaning that it contains two sets of chromosomes (two sets of 22 autosomes and two sex chromosomes). The male gametes, or sperm cells, in humans and other mammals are heterogametic and contain one of two types of sex chromosomes. They have either an X or a Y sex chromosome. However, the female gametes or eggs contain only the X sex chromosome and are homogametic. The sperm cell determines the sex of an individual in this case. If a sperm cell containing an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the resulting zygote will be XX or female. If the sperm cell contains a Y chromosome, then the resulting zygote will be XY or male. X and Y Chromosome Size Difference The Y chromosome carries genes that direct the development of male gonads and the male reproductive system. The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome (about 1/3 the size) and has fewer genes than the X chromosome. The X chromosome is thought to carry around two thousand genes, while the Y chromosome has less than one hundred genes. Both chromosomes were once about the same size. Structural changes in the Y chromosome resulted in the rearrangement of genes on the chromosome. These changes meant that recombination could no longer occur between large segments of the Y chromosome and its X homologue during meiosis. Recombination is important for weeding out mutations, so without it, mutations accumulate faster on the Y chromosome than on the X chromosome. The same type of degradation is not observed with the X chromosome because it still maintains the ability to recombine with its other X homologue in females. Over time, some of the mutations on the Y chromosome have resulted in the deletion of genes and have contributed to the decrease in the size of the Y chromosome. Sex Chromosome Abnormalities Aneuploidy is a condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes. If a cell has an additional chromosome, (three instead of two), it is trisomic for that chromosome. If the cell is missing a chromosome, it is monosomic. Aneuploid cells occur as a result of either chromosome breakage or nondisjunction errors that happen during meiosis. Two types of errors occur during nondisjunction: homologous chromosomes dont separate during anaphase I of meiosis I or sister chromatids dont separate during anaphase II of meiosis II.Nondisjunction results in some abnormalities, including: Klinefelter syndrome is a disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome. The genotype for males with this disorder is XXY. People with Klinefelter syndrome may also have more than one extra chromosome resulting in genotypes which include XXYY, XXXY, and XXXXY. Other mutations result in males that have an extra Y chromosome and a genotype of XYY. These males were once thought to be taller than average males and overly aggressive based on prison studies. Additional studies, however, have found XYY males to be normal.Tuner syndrome is a condition that affects females. Individuals with this syndrome, also called monosomy X, have a genotype of only one X chromosome (XO).Trisomy X females have an additional X chromosome and are also referred to as metafemales (XXX). Nondisjunction can occur in autosomal cells as well. Down syndrome is most commonly the result of nondisjunction affecting autosomal chromosome 21. Down syndrome is also referred to as trisomy 21 because of the extra chrom osome. The following table includes information on sex chromosome abnormalities, resulting syndromes, and phenotypes (expressed physical traits). Genotype Sex Syndrome Physical Traits XXY, XXYY, XXXY male Klinefelter syndrome sterility, small testicles, breast enlargement XYY male XYY syndrome normal male traits XO female Turner syndrome sex organs dont mature at adolescence, sterility, short stature XXX female Trisomy X tall stature, learning disabilities, limited fertility Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

Adoration Of The Magi Essays - Adoration Of The Magi In Art

Adoration Of The Magi Essays - Adoration Of The Magi In Art Adoration Of The Magi Iconographical Analysis: di Nardo, Adoration of the Magi The painting Adoration of the Magi by di Nardo portrays the three Magi approaching the baby Jesus and the Virgin Mary. However, there is much more to it than just this familiar scene from Judeo-Christian lore. When approaching this painting in order to analyze it iconographically, it is necessary to first look at all aspects of the form. If this aspect is ignored, it provides for an incomplete analysis of the painting. Once this is looked at, the iconography of the painting becomes much clearer, and it is easier to compare the painting to the actual biblical text from which it was derived (Gospel of St. Matthew 2:1 2:12). When approaching the painting the first thing I noticed was the odd perspective. There are several vanishing points. Also, all of the figures seem to be placed on one plane. Because of this, the two figures that represent Jesus and Mary seem to be hovering weirdly above the ground. This, I believe, draws the viewers attention to these two figures, since they are the main focus of the painting. Due to the influence of my culture, I recognized the figures as Jesus and Mary immediately. However, despite this, there are a few indicators as to who the people represented in the painting are. When viewing the painting, it is obvious that the figures of mother and child are the main point because the gazes of all of the people in the represented center on the child, including the mothers. Also, the weird hovering effect also directs the viewers attention to these two figures. Both Mary and Jesus have halos, but this is not necessarily a distinguishing factor seeing as how there are also four other figures in the painting that have halos. However, the halo that surrounds the head of the baby Jesus has a slightly different pattern than those that the other figures possess. This lets you know that for whatever reason, this child is set apart from all other figures in the painting. So, even if the viewer is of another culture or religion and doesnt see the significance of the female i n the picture being clothed in blue and red, or the significance of the blessing position in which the baby is holding his hand, he can see that for some reason, this child is being distinguished from all other people in the painting. Another aspect of the form that draws your attention to the Virgin and Jesus is the triangular set up of these two figures along with Joseph and another Magus. The triangle that is formed has Mary and Jesus at the peak, yet again, drawing the viewers attention to these two figures and reinforcing the fact that they are of some significance. When comparing the painting to the text in the Bible that describes the same meeting of the Magi with the baby Jesus and Mary, there are several differences. There are certain things that I noticed that not only go contrary to the painting, but to popular cultures idea of this story. First, in the Bible, the Magi are referred to as, chief priests and teachers of the law. They were not kings as they are often referred to in Christian culture. In fact, in di Nardos depiction, all of the Magi are wearing crowns, showing this misunderstanding. Another thing that is assumed by di Nardo in his painting, as well as by popular culture is that there were three Magi. There is nothing mentioned in Matthew 2:1 2:12 that makes reference to there being exactly three Magi. What I noticed that might have lead to this misconception, however, is that the Magi brought gifts of gold, incense and myrrh. This is the only thing that I saw that could have lead to the belief that there were three Magi one Magus for each gift. There are also extra people in the painting whom I could not identify. There is no mention of anyone in the bible besides Jesus, Mary and the Magi. There is not even any mention of Joseph who is clearly depicted. Also, the gifts that the Magi are holding in the

How to become a school counselor

How to become a school counselor School counselors are some of the most important professionals in the educational system. They can help bridge the gap between personal and educational issues for students and help students navigate life issues throughout their school careers. If you’re interested in both psychology and teaching, it can be a fulfilling career path. What does a school counselor do?School counselors (often referred to as guidance counselors as well) are educational administrative professionals who work with students to assist them on a variety of issues that can affect a student’s school day. Issues can range from class scheduling, to behavioral issues, to issues at home. Any given group of students’ needs are going to be diverse, and so the school counselor must be a versatile professional.School counselors are tasked with supporting students and promoting positive academic, social, and personal development. Their responsibilities may include:Meeting with students one-on-one or in groupsAssisting with college applications, job applications, and financial aid applicationsCounseling students on social, academic, or emotional problemsMeeting with parents as necessaryFacilitating peer counseling programsMediating conflicts between students, or between students and staffFacilitating help with personal problems like substance abuse, eating disorders, bullying, or other personal issues students may haveReferring students to social or emotional help resources like psychologists, mental health professionals, or social workersAdvocating for student well-beingSchool counselors work at all levels, from elementary school up through high school. Like teachers, school counselors work primarily during the school day and school year, but because there is an administrative component to the job there may be after school or year-round work related to the job. School counselors work in public schools, private schools, or other facilities that have educational components.What ski lls do school counselors need?Because this is a role that combines the academic needs of teaching with the personal skills of a psychologist, the skill set for school counselors is heavy on people skills and understanding.Observational Skills:Â  School counselors need to be able to determine issues and potential solutions, even if they’re not getting direct information from students. That means being able to piece together academic, social, or behavioral problems, or at least being able to assess students’ needs accurately.Listening Skills:Â  Much of a school counselor’s job is talking with students, determining what’s wrong, and working with them to find a solution (or more help). Active listening skills are key in helping students, who may have varying levels of communication skills.Conflict Resolution Skills:Â  Many students end up in a school counselor’s office because they need help resolving issues- whether that’s in the classroom, at home, or with other students. A school counselor needs to be well-versed in techniques for opening up communication, and finding healthy ways to resolve disputes.Communication Skills:Â  School counselors communicate with a number of different people: students, families, school colleagues and staff, and others. Clear, concise writing and speaking are very important, as is a strong sense of audience-appropriate communication.Organizational Skills:Â  School counselors may be working with a number of different students on a diverse range of issues, from college applications to bullying. It’s essential for the counselor to be able to keep information properly organized, so they can help meet students’ needs.Discretion:Â  School counselors can be privy to all sorts of private information about students, and so they need to be discreet.What do you need to become a school counselor?Most school counselor jobs require, at minimum, a bachelor’s degree in counseling, psychology, or a related subject. School counselors typically also have a master’s degree specifically in school counseling. Most states require some form of licensing, so make sure you know what your own state’s requirements are for school counselors.How much do school counselors make?According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), school counselors make a median annual salary of $54,560 per year.What’s the outlook for school counselors?Like most educational careers, this is a path that will continue to grow as student bodies increase and student needs get more complex and diverse. The BLS anticipates that the demand for school counselors will grow by 11% by 2026, which is faster than average for all jobs.If you’ve got a background in psychology (or are thinking about one) and have an interest in working with students, then becoming a school counselor could be the right educational career path for you. Good luck!

Accountancy and Finance, Designing a Balanced Scorecard Essay

Accountancy and Finance, Designing a Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example ns are not for profit making, it is important that appropriate good practices of financial management are maintained so as to ensure that there are adequate resources aimed at meeting the objectives of the organization and ensuring that they remain solvent while at the same time continuing to support the community. A scorecard is a combination of the four common measures (quadrants) that are directly associated with a company’s objective strategies (Pearson & Robinson, 2009). The Otago Museum in New Zealand was founded on the 15th day of September 1968, initially being located in the post office building in Denedin’s Exchange, a building which also accommodates the University of Otago. The 1877 saw the responsibility for managing the museum become vested with the University of Otago, an arrangement that lasted nearly 80 years and letter the transfer of the ownership to a trust board which was authorized to attract funding from various local authorities in the Otago region. Among the principle funders continue to be Dunedin City Council, Clutha District, Central Otago Districy Council and Waitaki District Council. This report will be designing a comprehensive balance scorecard (BSC) for the museum indicating clearly the strategic objectives of the museum, the strategic business themes supporting the objectives and the cause and effect relationship linking Balanced Scorecard (BSC)dimensions with strategic themes and the objectives. More often than not, an organization’s mission statement guides on how an organization needs to maintain a balance of the needs and the various expectations as appertains to the various stakeholders (Harel, & Boaz, 2008). However, most non-profit organizations like Otago museum do not operate in extreme circumstances hence can do for both the donors and their employees/volunteers despite the fact of the existence another restricting factor which can be done for the different groups, that one which falls generally within the purview

Grades inflation in colleges in the USA Research Paper

Grades inflation in colleges in the USA - Research Paper Example The concept of evaluation promotes retention and promotion of lecturers and professors. In this regard, lecturers are usually compelled to please their students Colleges have also shifted more focus towards enrollment in order to meet their budgets. This has been successfully undertaken by awarding higher grades to students in order to create a positive image among people intending to join colleges This issue has been investigated by various governmental and non-governmental organizations. Harvard University is one of the institutions that have pioneered this investigation. It is learning institution that has been affected by this issue thus its results are more credible The institution has also made a suggestion that entails introduction of a grading policy where a student is graded alongside the average grade of that course. In other addition, facilitating proper marking and awarding of grades among lecturers and professors is also another solution that has been proposed. The first suggestion may not be quite effective owing to the fact that it would not necessarily depict lower level of standards. On the other hand, comparison of a student’s performance may also not be accurate, especially when the rest of the class is wrong Provision of quality education is pertinent in any society that aspires to succeed academically. Grade inflation is a challenge in the current education system majorly due to confusions ascribed to it. It does not only affect colleges in the United States, but also in other parts of the world. Undertaking this research is crucial as it facilitates identification of causes of grade inflation as well as probable solutions The research shall focus of grade inflation in colleges in the United States. It shall explore issues associated with it such as: Causes, effects and solutions that have been suggested by Harvard University to reduce grade

Do Institutions matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Do Institutions matter - Essay Example The basic explanations that have been provided by economists to illustrate on how institution spurs economic growth haven’t been satisfactorily. Furthermore, the theories provided for which are made to guide on the two principles does not provide for full understanding of the variables and thus have lapses. Neither are the statistical tools for analysis in the case of time series are enough to show direct correlation between the two. Thus, this provides for inspiration or stimuli (Rodrà ­guez, 2013) for the article to provide for a broader way to view the two issues and be flexible in analysis. Institutions does not necessary lead to economic development but the latter can always be achieved in other ways. Development to a country can be stimulated through creation of wealth that expands various sectors in the economy. By doing so, we provide for expansionary measures that make the institutions better and increase growth. We do not need more mature institutions for development to occur. Such is the case in more developed nations who developed earlier without any key institutions. Even if institutions spur growth, then it cannot apply to all countries. For example, nations can always import ideas such as technology or train labor to help growth within them. Methods such as protection of properties majorly employed by the capitalists to make institutions grow are very good and can always be beneficial to nations. But the virtue will only lead to strong institutions to unique ones in the economy more so in countries where there is less government controls. The article uses questionnaires to collect data. It presents issues in form of queries that are answered by analyzing various world institutions and economic policies to generate data. This is further enhanced, by use of samples to explain on how diverse countries developed and what made their institutions stronger (Rodrà ­guez, 2013). To validate the data, it

Complications of pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Complications of pregnancy - Essay Example Delayed menstruation for 1-2 weeks followed by spotting or bleeding is a typical sign of ectopic pregnancy. Gastrointestinal problems may also occur along with lightheadedness and dizziness. Yet if tubal pregnancy remains undetected for 4-6 weeks after conception, the fallopian tube becomes more distended and can rupture leading to symptoms like excruciating abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and faintness. In some cases, the patient may go into shock or rapid pulse, decreased blood pressure, restlessness, sweating may lead to hemorrhage (Smeltzer, 2009). Adnexal mass might be found upon pelvic examination along with tenderness (Doherty, 2010). Complications/risks: Failure to diagnose ectopic pregnancy especially in patients with few symptoms can increase the risk of internal bleeding which can result in hemorrhage or shock. Management: Treatment choices include surgical intervention either laparotomy or laparoscopy and medication. Surgical management may be salpingectomy (removing the concerned fallopian tube) or salpingostomy (preserving the affected tube) depending on patient’s wish. However, salpingostomy increases the risk of persistent trophoblast and ectopic pregnancy whereas salpingectomy avoids these risks but only one tube remains with reproductive ability. Non-surgical medication treatment includes the use of anti-cancer drug methotrexate (Tembhare, 2010) which can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly (Wolfson, 2009). Delivery before 37th week of pregnancy is classified as pre-term labor (WHO, 1994). Clinical presentations: Clinical signs of preterm labor include uterine contractions, menstrual like cramps, diarrhea, back-ache, pelvic pressure, increased vaginal discharge(Littleton, Engebretson, 2002)vaginal bleeding, ruptured membranes, initial cervical dilation greater than 3 cm and contraction frequency of 4 per hour or more (Creasy, Resnik and lams, 2004). Complications/risks: Risk factors to the mother are largely associated with tocolytic agents used in treatment. Respiratory depression/arrest, pulmonary edema, hypotension and cardiac arrest are complications associated with administration of magnesium; similarly, terbutaline may induce hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and myocardial ischemia. Other drugs (nifedipine and indomethacin) may produce side effects like gastrointestinal problems, renal failure and hepatitis (Littleton, Engebretson, 2002). Neonatal may suffer from renal dysfunctions, nec rotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, intracranial hemorrhage preterm deliveries. Management: Obstetric practices for averting preterm labor include bed rest, home uterine activity monitoring, sedation and hydration, however, little evidence is present about success rates of these methods (Goldenberg, 2002). Tocolytic therapy is used for the hindering uterine contractions which include calcium channel blockers (nicardipine, nifedipine), magnesium, ?-mimetics (terbutaline, fenoterol etc.), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin) and ethanol. Evidence suggests that tocolytic therapy is significant in preventing preterm labor (Berkman et al., 2003 ). In addition, cervical cerclage is employed where cervical incompetence is found, in which a suture (rescue cerclage) is placed to prevent further dilations. Management of preterm labor includes avoiding neonatal complications through use of corticosteroids and antibiotics to prevent traumatic delivery and streptoc occal neonatal sepsis (Goldenberg, 2002) Pre-eclampsia is a condition in which pregnant patient experiences a triad of

Trust in EU Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trust in EU - Literature review Example As a result, EU is more of an organisation for support between governments. There are three key decision making institutions which comprises the European Parliament which characterizes the EU’s inhabitants, and they pick directly, the Council of the European Union which characterizes the body member states and finally the European Commission, which characterizes the problem of the Union entirely. The institutional triangle creates the rules and regulations that apply all through the European Union. Theoretically, it is the Commission that suggests new laws, only that the Council and Parliament that puts them into practice. The member states and the Commission subsequently employ them, and the Commission inflict them. The supremacy and tasks of the EU institutions and the set of laws and measures are set down in the Treaties on which the EU is established. The Treaties are approved by the presidents and prime ministers of all the EU states and then endorsed by their parliaments . A conceptualization of trust in international relations by Hoffman, A Scholarly and guideline makers have realized a connection amid trust and the diplomatic pledge of interstate quarrels. For instance, over forty years ago, Karl Deutsch et al., (1957) identified trust as part of the strength at which peaceful relations are made. Recently, Koffi Annan, the UN secretary general characterized the December 2000 peace agreement connecting Ethiopia and Eritrea as a chance for the two countries to work for reconciling (Associated press, 12 December 2000). In 1993, there was a joint declaration of peace connecting British and Irish governments explicitly connected trust to the success of an agreed peaceful era. Nonetheless, it is evident that the failures to improve the peace that people’s understanding of how interstate associations come up is a concern that needs to be acted upon. The assumption of the traditional approach that trust is a necessary condition for cooperation is r ather invalid. Therefore, the author of this had an objective of developing a chain of actions that are more susceptible to the existence of trusting associations than already present indicators. This is therefore a theoretical project since it measures the way abstract constructs are conceptualized (Adock and Collier, 2000.et al) This article is considering to the definition of trust. Scholars concur on fundamentals that a description of trust have to comprise, with one exemption, some link trust with enthusiasm to take peril and the anticipation that others will respect specific requirements.(Baier, 1986 et al.,) they also have the same opinion that trusting relationships are behavioral expressions of trust. Snijders (1996) claims that trusting relationships develops when actors give others judgment over other concerns founded on the belief that those concerns will not be laid up. Third they also concur that the concentration and capacity of trust and trusting affairs have the abi lity for disparity. With regard to trust, intensity is the potency of an actor’s notion of the trust worth whereas regarding trusting relations; the strength is the quantity of judgment trustors give trustees over their concerns. On the other hand, Hardin contends that trust is never absolute, that it always involves a three part relation, as in A and B to do with x or subject of x (Hardin, 1998) Conversely, many others propose that trust amid parties can be wide-ranging, spreading over the

Processing the Crime Scene and Establishing Identity Essay - 3

Processing the Crime Scene and Establishing Identity - Essay Example However, when using this method the investigator must be careful not to overdevelop the finger prints. 2. There are many types of evidence in crime investigation that should be documented, collected and preserve. The impressions such as finger prints and forensic biology such blood, and body fluid must also be collected. The trace evidences and firearms evidences which include gun powder patterns are needed. Lastly, the question documents must be kept safe. When documenting, collecting and preserving evidence of the crime scene we must make sure that we follow local, state and federal laws for collection and admissibility. The evidences such as drugs, paraphernalia or personal property shall be recorded, collected, and safeguarded in presence of a witness. The investigator shall also participate in the scene debriefing to make sure that responsibilities are well communicated especially those that are post-scene. There should also be markings of the detectives because this will be used in trial and this is the way to prevent any contamination of the evidences and assure that the evidences presented are

Trust in EU Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trust in EU - Literature review Example As a result, EU is more of an organisation for support between governments. There are three key decision making institutions which comprises the European Parliament which characterizes the EU’s inhabitants, and they pick directly, the Council of the European Union which characterizes the body member states and finally the European Commission, which characterizes the problem of the Union entirely. The institutional triangle creates the rules and regulations that apply all through the European Union. Theoretically, it is the Commission that suggests new laws, only that the Council and Parliament that puts them into practice. The member states and the Commission subsequently employ them, and the Commission inflict them. The supremacy and tasks of the EU institutions and the set of laws and measures are set down in the Treaties on which the EU is established. The Treaties are approved by the presidents and prime ministers of all the EU states and then endorsed by their parliaments . A conceptualization of trust in international relations by Hoffman, A Scholarly and guideline makers have realized a connection amid trust and the diplomatic pledge of interstate quarrels. For instance, over forty years ago, Karl Deutsch et al., (1957) identified trust as part of the strength at which peaceful relations are made. Recently, Koffi Annan, the UN secretary general characterized the December 2000 peace agreement connecting Ethiopia and Eritrea as a chance for the two countries to work for reconciling (Associated press, 12 December 2000). In 1993, there was a joint declaration of peace connecting British and Irish governments explicitly connected trust to the success of an agreed peaceful era. Nonetheless, it is evident that the failures to improve the peace that people’s understanding of how interstate associations come up is a concern that needs to be acted upon. The assumption of the traditional approach that trust is a necessary condition for cooperation is r ather invalid. Therefore, the author of this had an objective of developing a chain of actions that are more susceptible to the existence of trusting associations than already present indicators. This is therefore a theoretical project since it measures the way abstract constructs are conceptualized (Adock and Collier, 2000.et al) This article is considering to the definition of trust. Scholars concur on fundamentals that a description of trust have to comprise, with one exemption, some link trust with enthusiasm to take peril and the anticipation that others will respect specific requirements.(Baier, 1986 et al.,) they also have the same opinion that trusting relationships are behavioral expressions of trust. Snijders (1996) claims that trusting relationships develops when actors give others judgment over other concerns founded on the belief that those concerns will not be laid up. Third they also concur that the concentration and capacity of trust and trusting affairs have the abi lity for disparity. With regard to trust, intensity is the potency of an actor’s notion of the trust worth whereas regarding trusting relations; the strength is the quantity of judgment trustors give trustees over their concerns. On the other hand, Hardin contends that trust is never absolute, that it always involves a three part relation, as in A and B to do with x or subject of x (Hardin, 1998) Conversely, many others propose that trust amid parties can be wide-ranging, spreading over the

Management and organizational behavior review and periodicals Essay

Management and organizational behavior review and periodicals - Essay Example Even in this electronic age when one can access all the information on internet; the importance of a good text cannot be ignored. Recommended Text Book on Management and Organizational Behavior: It is difficult for the management students to find the best and the most comprehensive books on management and organizational behavior. Books on management often fail to cover the subject of organizational behavior completely. There are some books that either revolves around management and basic concepts of management or organizational behavior. However, there are only few books that fully cater the needs of the management students on these topics together. â€Å"Management and Organizational Behavior,† is a comprehensive text book by Curtis W. Cook and Phillip L. Hunsaker that fits well with the needs of management students. How This Book is Unique and Different: This book provides a complete source of information to the students of business management. Each chapter in this book is e xplained in simple and easy language with different charts, tables and models. It is hard to find such a simple book on the most complicated and hard subject. Many students find it difficult to understand the core concepts, ideas and different theories but in this book, authors have comprehensively elaborated each and every point with examples and simple models. In short, we can say that this books matches perfectly with the curriculum and other study requirements of the students. Table of Contents: This book is comprised of total 15 chapters. Each chapter defines and highlights a new concept with examples from corporate world on management and business. The table of contents is comprised of the following chapters: Chapter 1:  Managing People and Organizations Chapter 2:  Strategic Thinking, Planning & Continuous Improvement Chapter 3:  Organizing Work and People Chapter 4:  Creating and Modifying Organizational Culture Chapter 5:  Perception, Learning and Personality Chap ter 6:  Motivation Chapter 7:   Motivation, Methods and Applications Chapter 8:  Communicating for Understanding and Results Chapter 9:  Creating Productive Interpersonal Relations Chapter 10:  Building Groups into Teams Chapter 11:  Conflict Management and Negotiations Chapter 12:  Ethical Problem Solving and Decision Making Chapter 13:  Power and Politics Chapter 14:  Leadership Chapter 15:  Change The Core Concept of the Book: This book discusses different ideas, principles and concepts that are used in the implementation of an effective management within an organization. This book helps the students to understand the core concepts of an effective management system and organization in a simple way that how managers can play an effective role in an organization, how to deal with the cultural diversity, motivate an employee and how one can strategize the policies effectively to attain an organization’s goals and objectives. It is often hard for the manage ment students to understand the basic concepts of management and organizational behavior as well as to build a relation between the two. The language used by the authors is simple and easily understandable even for the foreign students. At various places the authors have used some technical business terms which make the book more professionally themed in order to develop the knowledge of the corporate world in the minds of the students and to prepare them for the professional world. However, the authors of this book have comprehensively

How people recall memories

How people recall memories In 1932 British psychologist Frederick Bartlet put forward a theory of how people organise and recall memory. His idea was that memory is not like a video recorder that can be played back, but that in fact there are a number of factors that lead to distortion and reconstruction of information. His theory is known as reconstructive memory and his ideas are still in use in current psychological research, such as eyewitness testimony, false memory syndrome, and even in the field of artificial intelligence This essay will explain Bartletts theory, its strengths and weaknesses, its implications in the understanding of how the mind organises, stores and recalls information, and how Bartletts ideas have been incorporated and expanded. Bartlett asserted that peoples recall of events is often inaccurate as reconstruction and distortion of information takes place, internally within the mind. The initial stimulus is taken in but as one can only give a certain amount of attention to a stimulus; previous experience, and knowledge, which he referred to as schemas, are used to construct a fuller picture internally. For example, if one was walking down a dark alley one might feel on edge, one suddenly notices a person approaching. An existing schema for this situation would exist and will probably result in the construction of a sinister character approaching, despite having no previous knowledge of the person. A schema is organised previous knowledge, an internal representation of how one perceives the world. Bartlett considered schemas to be maps or structures of knowledge stored in long-term memory. (May 07th 2008) www.wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Schemas In 1932 Bartlett composed a short fable which he named war of the ghosts. The fable was an old Native American folk story which would have been unfamiliar to the western participants. Generally it presented as a logical representation of events but within it was held more subtly illogical or irrational content. The story was recited to the participants who were asked to recall it after twenty hours, and again at varying intervals afterwards. He discovered that most people found it extremely difficult to recall the story exactly, even when the fable was read repeatedly. Bartlet hypothesised that, elements of the story which failed to fit into the schemata of the participant were omitted from their recollection, or reconstructed into more familiar forms. He remarked that people make an effort after meaning to make sense of information; any information which did not correspond with their cultural experiences, norms, or values, or that were unfamiliar, tended to be excluded from the reco llection of the participants. This resulted in a reduced, direct version of the story. Bartlett remarked that in the end, no trace of an odd or supernatural element [was] left: we [had] a perfectly straight forward story of a fight and a death. (2010) www.docstoc.com Bartletts ideas were revolutionary and drew many responses, positive, and negative. Bartletts research into practical aspects of memory, with an approach that set out to study how the human memory system is applied in every day, real life situations, is seen as a fundamental strength of the reconstructive memory model. However, his experiment was criticised for the methods employed. Bartlett was stopping students on their journeys around the Cambridge campus and reciting the war of the ghosts. He would often have to wait until he met them again before he could ask them to recall their version of the story. His methods were considered as being unscientific and his work was rejected by some as a result. Bartletts idea of schemas was rejected as being too vague, and hard to back up with empirical evidence. Also it was argued that Bartletts idea of reading participants an unfamiliar story could have actually been a factor in why participants reconstructed parts of the story when they rec alled it. Despite the criticism, Bartletts ideas regarding schemas, and reconstructive memories, are still in use, and are still prevalent in various fields of current psychological research. The reconstructive memory model was an important breakthrough which is still very much relevant in todays modern world. For example, a fundamental tactic employed by the police to catch and convict criminals is eye witness testimony. But how reliable is this method if memory really works as Bartlett suggested. With the emergence of new technologies such as CCTV, in some cases, it has now been possible to explore the reliability of eye witness testimonies. One example of false eye witness testimony was the case concerning Charles Mendes, a Brazilian man who was shot by police in a case of mistaken identity after the terrorist bombings in London. Witnesses recalled Mr Mendes jumping over the ticket barrier and running away from the police before he was shot dead by the police. Later CCTV footage of the event that emerged clearly showed that this was false information and in fact Charles Mendes actually bought a ticket and only ran to avoid missing the train. Recent tests concerning reconstructive memory have also raised doubt over the reliability of eye witness testimony. In 1974 Elizabeth Loftus conducted a series of experiments to explore the reliability of eye witness testimony. In 1974, Loftus and Palmer conducted experiments in which participants were used in an independent measures design. They were shown footage of a car crash and then separated into three groups of fifty. The first group was asked, how fast were the cars going when they hit each other? The second group was asked the question but the word hit was changed to smashed. The independent variable being the changed word. The third group was not asked the question; this group was used as a control group. The findings showed that the wording of the question directly affected the estimation of the cars speed. When the question was asked using the word hit, the lowest estimation was given. When the question was asked using the word smashed, participants responded with the highest estimation of the cars speed. After seven days, the participants were asked if they had seen broken glass after the accident; Loftus and Palmer found that participants who had been asked the question with the word smashed had been consistently more likely to answer yes (wrongly). The findings of Loftus and Palmers 1974 car crash experiments reinforced and continued the reconstructive memory theory. It has raised questions concerning the reliability of eye witness testimony; as a result of this work, juries are no longer allowed to convict a defendant on the basis of eye witness testimony alone. Their work has also led to the police revising the way they interview witnesses; to avoid misleading questions which could contaminate the original recollection of events, and in order to aid a witness to recall as much of a situation or event as possible, the police now conduct cognitive interviews. The understanding of how the mind stores and retrieves information has aided the police, whose modified interview techniques are now thought to be more successful in drawing often vital details held in the memory of witnesses. These can be used to solve crimes, help to bring dangerous criminals to justice, and are more accurate, hopefully leading to less cases of wrongful convictions due to false information or mistaken identity. There are criticisms that can be directed towards Loftus and Palmer for their experimental methods in 1974; it has been argued that due to a lack of participant variety, the findings of the experiment cannot be viewed as universally applicable as the participants were all students. Another point that has been made is that the results could have been affected by demand characteristics; the participants could have given answers according to what they thought the researchers wanted to hear. It has also been argued that the experiments were artificial; real life situations could have different results. In a real situation there are potentially severe legal and moral consequences involved with distorted recollections of events in a court of law; this is not the case in a laboratory experiment. These concerns have now been addressed by more recent research that has based experiments in a more realistic, every day context. This new research, such as the Open University and BBC project, appears to confirm much of what Loftus and Palmer asserted. Participants witnessed a stabbing and were taken to the station by the police for cognitive interviews. They were unaware that the situation had been staged. Dr Pike, a psychologist involved with the project echoed comments remarked by Elizabeth Loftus when he commented on the findings; speaking of how the mind is malleable, not fixed, he remarked that its not like imputing data into a computer, the mind does not store facts absolutely the way they are and it does not recall them absolutely accurately either. Winterman, D (2010) www.news.bbc.co.uk Further research by Loftus has led to greater understanding of how the mind reacts differently in stressful situations such as at the scene of a crime taking place. It is now understood that when a weapon is involved, ones attention tends to focus on the threatening object. As a consequence, ones recall of peripheral details diminishes. Loftus asserted that weapon anxiety can be responsible for ones inability to recall the perpetrator, and or crucial details or events of a crime. It is now understood that age, and ones emotional state, are factors to be considered concerning accurate recall. It is also widely accepted that people are more likely to misinterpret a situation, make errors, or make crucial mistakes when they are scared or in shock. Although in some instances, an extreme situation can lead to a state of heightened awareness, which can in turn lead to flashbulb memories; potentially extremely accurate detailed memories of an event or situation. Having explored Bartletts theory of reconstructive memory, and later research by Loftus and Palmer that continued it, one can see that these theories have facilitated a much greater understanding of the complexities of human memory. Bartlett put forward an explanation of aspects of human memory that other models of memory do not account for. Most, if not all people would have experience with memories that are vague, or unclear. How many times have you recalled an event, only for the person next to you, who shared the experience with you, to contradict you, with a completely different account of the events? Reconstructive memory puts forward an explanation for why this can happen; of how memory does not always reflect an accurate account of an event or situation. Loftus and Palmers continued research into reconstructive memory has further supported the theory. Their work has had important repercussions in areas such as law and police procedure. The reconstructive memory theory continu es to exert a significant influence in todays modern world. Cardwell M, Clark L, Meldrum C. (2003) Psychology for A Level, Harper Collins. Gross R. (2009) Psychology. The Science of Mind and Behaviour 5th Edition, Hodder Arnold. Gross R, Rolls G. (2003) Essential AS Psychology, Hodder Stoughton. www.google.com/http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Frederic_Bartlett (accessed 26th April 2010) (May 7th 2008) www.google.com/http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Schemas (accessed 26 April 2010) (2010) www.google.com/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/33510508/The-War-of-the-Ghosts/ (accessed 26th April 2010) www.google.com/http://www.s-cool.co.uk/alevel/psychology/human-memory/criti (accessed 26th April 2010) Winterman, D. (2010) BBC Magazine available at www.google.com/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8617945.stm (accessed 28th April)

Implications of Research on Bilingual and Polyglot Aphasia :: Essays Papers

Implications of Research on Bilingual and Polyglot Aphasia Research conducted on bilingual and polyglot aphasics has brought interest into the field of linguistics mainly because of its contribution to L2 research, especially in providing explanations for the organization of distinct languages in the brain. Since there exists such a variation between individual cases, the most important thing to come out of this research is a set of factors involved in these aphasia cases as well as theories emerging from research. Some of these factors include: the language environment in which the aphasic recovers, influence of the L1, language mixing, brain lateralization for language, and the question of whether structurally similar languages follow a similar pattern of deficits and recovery. The main pathological implication—determining what is missing or misplaced inside a bilingual or polyglot aphasic’s brain—also shares importance with determining how different languages are structured in the brain. The history of research on bilingual aphasia into the 20th century begins with the work of two Frenchmen at the end of the 19th century by the names of Ribot and Pitres. Ribot wrote his paper, Les maladies de la memoire, in 1881 (Lebrun 12). Pitres, using seven polyglot aphasic patients as the basis for his work, published Etude sur l’aphasie des polyglottes in 1895 (Lebrun 11). Ribot’s conclusion about recovery in polyglot aphasics is known as Ribot’s rule, which basically states that L1 will recover more than any L2’s. Pitres’ rule, built off of Ribot’s, takes a different approach in saying that the language used most often â€Å"pre-morbidly†(i.e. before the onset of aphasia) is the one which will be regained the fullest, irregardless of that language being an L1 or L2. Various individual cases have cropped up which match both theories, so further research has attempted to explain variances in recovery of specific languages through other means. Also, after Pitres, the research focus became more one of examining deficits in syntax and morphology in an attempt to explain brain construction, and less of an analysis of â€Å"interesting language recovery† in these patients. Examining Theoretical Issues Another important component of the study of polyglot aphasia came with the distinction between compound and co-ordinate bilingualism, as examined by Lambert and Fillenbaum (1959). Although the state of being a â€Å"bilingual† is a hazy one, the distinction between the two concepts comes with the context of acquisition.

Productivity in The US :: essays research papers fc

Productivity in the U.S. and What the Government Must Do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John sits at home each night with his wife and two children and watches the news. He listens as experts on the economy tell him that the economy is growing and that the GDP is growing. He wonders how this can be, because he lost his job months ago and has not been able to find work since. Has the very country that John lives in moved on and left him behind? This is the question that many Americans are asking themselves, and many more will be soon. In the 1960s and early 90s productivity in America increased by record amounts. The nation was prospering, people had jobs, and they were spending their money. All of this was done by simple government intervention. Now America is looking at another rise in productivity, but this time it may be a little bit different unless the government takes the proper steps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1960s was a period of prosperity for the America. This was largely due to policies and the tax cuts that President Kennedy initiated at the beginning of the decade. His tax cuts were successful in lowering unemployment, encouraging people to invest more, and making the overall economy improve. To begin a period of prosperity there must be something to start it off. A tax cut gives people an incentive to work, save, and invest. President Kennedy said, â€Å"A rising tide lifts all boats† (Garfield, 1). This is proof that the government can have a big role in the economy. The Kennedy administration cut business taxes as well as investment taxes. This caused the Gross Domestic Product to grow by 4.5 percent in the 60s as compared to only 2.4 percent from 1952 to 1960 (Garfield, 3). Many people were worried that these tax cuts would raise the deficit, which makes since because lower taxes means the government will receive less money. However this was not tr ue. The tax cuts increased spending and investment to much that the government’s revenues increased 6.4 percent as compared to 1.2 percent from 1952 to 1959 (Garfield, 3). This proved that cutting the taxes can stimulate the economy enough to raise the government’s budget. This intervention by the government raised the standard of living for American citizens as well as increasing government revenue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Bush has cut the taxes himself. However these tax cuts are far different from those of the 1960’s. Productivity in The US :: essays research papers fc Productivity in the U.S. and What the Government Must Do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John sits at home each night with his wife and two children and watches the news. He listens as experts on the economy tell him that the economy is growing and that the GDP is growing. He wonders how this can be, because he lost his job months ago and has not been able to find work since. Has the very country that John lives in moved on and left him behind? This is the question that many Americans are asking themselves, and many more will be soon. In the 1960s and early 90s productivity in America increased by record amounts. The nation was prospering, people had jobs, and they were spending their money. All of this was done by simple government intervention. Now America is looking at another rise in productivity, but this time it may be a little bit different unless the government takes the proper steps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1960s was a period of prosperity for the America. This was largely due to policies and the tax cuts that President Kennedy initiated at the beginning of the decade. His tax cuts were successful in lowering unemployment, encouraging people to invest more, and making the overall economy improve. To begin a period of prosperity there must be something to start it off. A tax cut gives people an incentive to work, save, and invest. President Kennedy said, â€Å"A rising tide lifts all boats† (Garfield, 1). This is proof that the government can have a big role in the economy. The Kennedy administration cut business taxes as well as investment taxes. This caused the Gross Domestic Product to grow by 4.5 percent in the 60s as compared to only 2.4 percent from 1952 to 1960 (Garfield, 3). Many people were worried that these tax cuts would raise the deficit, which makes since because lower taxes means the government will receive less money. However this was not tr ue. The tax cuts increased spending and investment to much that the government’s revenues increased 6.4 percent as compared to 1.2 percent from 1952 to 1959 (Garfield, 3). This proved that cutting the taxes can stimulate the economy enough to raise the government’s budget. This intervention by the government raised the standard of living for American citizens as well as increasing government revenue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Bush has cut the taxes himself. However these tax cuts are far different from those of the 1960’s.

Shakespeare: Foreshadowing in Macbeth

William Shakespeare has been, and continues to be, one of the most famous writers of all time. His writings, specifically playwrights, include varieties of different writing techniques that never fail to capture the attention of audiences of all ages.One of his most famous tragedies – Macbeth – is certainly no disappointment. Though Macbeth is one of his shortest tragedies, Shakespeare takes the elements of madness, evilness, and jealousness and wraps them up into a timeless tale chock full of literary elements.One of the most studied and most profound literary elements found in Macbeth is foreshadowing. Foreshadow; verb; be a warning or indication of (a future event). † Foreshadowing gives the audience a hint of what is to come without completely giving away the event, though it will make sense after the event happens.The first example of foreshadowing we see in Macbeth is found in Act 1, Scene 1 in the three witches’ prophecies. We see the three witches s how up multiple times throughout Macbeth to hint at the future.The reader immediately sees an example of the prophecies in Act 1, Scene 1 when the witches are talking about meeting Macbeth. They say that they will meet him â€Å"when the battle’s lost and won† (Act 1, Scene 1).Logistically, this phrase makes sense because every battle will have a loser and a winner, however when we look at the deeper meaning of this phrase, it shows the witches’ recurring â€Å"double meaning† way of speaking that will eventually give false hope to Macbeth in the ending battle scenes.We see another example of foreshadowing in the Act 1, Scene 1 witches’ prophecies of Macbeth as well. All of the witches come together and yell â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† (Act 1, Scene 1). The element of this phrase recurs throughout Macbeth to show the differences between reality and appearance.Macbeth quotes a similar version of this phrase in his first entrance whe n he says â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen† (Act 1, Scene 3). The day itself, the weather, is â€Å"foul†, but the day’s events have proven â€Å"fair† because they have won the battle.This witch prophecy contradicts reality and appearance and foreshadows that there will be many events in the future that may look â€Å"fair† to the eye, but are, in reality, â€Å"foul†. One final example of foreshadowing that we see in the introduction of Macbeth is when the witches come to meet Macbeth and Banquo.Each witch greets Macbeth with a separate title: â€Å"Thane of Glamis†, â€Å"Thane of Cawdor†, and â€Å"King hereafter† (Act 1, Scene 3). This foreshadowing is a little more obvious than the others in the fact that it is clear Macbeth will be given these three titles at some point in his life.The witches fail to mention, however, the manner in which these titles will be achieved, which we know to be a maddening v enture for Macbeth and his wife. Foreshadowing, no matter how bold or subtle, is a key literary element in Shakespeare’s Macbeth.The three witches prophesize the upcoming events in Macbeth, adding to the suspense and adventure of the writing. The foreshadowing and other literary elements in Macbeth help maintain such a classic piece of tragedy literature that will stand the test of time.

Baderman Island Expansion

Several methods of expanding a company exist. The Baderman Island resort is looking into different options to expand their operations. This paper will explore the subject of the three main options; acquiring another organization in the same industry, going public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO), and merging with another organization. Additionally, it will provide analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of each option. Finally, it will provide a recommendation regarding which would be the best option for Baderman Island Resort to use to expand its operations. Acquisition Baderman Island Resort may expand its operations by acquiring Atlantis Resorts to increase growth and market share. Baderman Island would have to purchase Atlantis Resorts stock or assets. This expansion strategy has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The strengths of an acquisition include the potential to acquire more revenue to lead to yet more growth. Other strengths include financial leverage, lower cost of operations, and increased market share. The weaknesses of acquiring Atlantis resorts include the high cost of acquisition, intangible costs, legal expenses, and possible devaluation of the organization. Opportunities created by the acquisition include the additional resources provided by the Atlantis. Expanded productivity also results from a successful acquisition. Threats also exist in an acquisition strategy. Management of the two companies often struggle over who will run the organizations and its departments. An acquisition also creates higher employee turnover because of employees unhappy with the new organization. This in turn creates hiring costs. IPO Offering To expand their resort operation, Baderman Island may explore various financial opportunities to achieve their strategic goal. The first option available is to issue an IPO. An IPO is a distribution of public stock to the open market for the first time (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, Jr, 2005). Baderman Island would sell new shares to the public to generate the appropriate capital needed to meet their operational/financial goals. An IPO offering could finance the expansion plans for Baderman Island, but they must review both strengths and weaknesses that exist before making a clear decision. By selling shares in the organization, they can use the newly generated funds for research and development for the organization, to pay off an existing debt, or to bring public awareness to the organization, all of which are strengths gained from the IPO offering. By issuing an IPO and obtaining outside investors, it will force the organization to become financially transparent to their investors. Additional disclosures will need to be provided, and the organization will be forced to follow rules and regulations established by The Security and Exchange Act of 1934 and commit to periodic financial reporting (Keown, 2005). They must make this information available to investors, employees, and competitors. This additional work and required open disclosure of confidential information might be viewed as a weakness or intrusion to organizational privacy. Baderman Island management must look at the opportunities for each of the options for growth. Pursuing an IPO will provide the influx of money needed for expansion, a higher industry profile, and a greater opportunity for stock investors. The pursuit of an IPO has various results that could threaten Baderman Island’s organizational and financial goals. By issuing public stock, Baderman Island will have to comply with stringent reporting to the SEC that may reveal important company information to the competitors. Last, the addition of stockholders will restrict certain control of major managerial decisions. Merger A merger is yet another avenue Baderman Island has at its disposal to expand its business. Mergers create a number of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A SWOT analysis of using a merger to expand operations follows. A strength from performing a merger is the ability to acquire a company’s unused debt. â€Å"Some firms simply do not exhaust their debt capacity. If a firm with unused debt capacity is acquired, the new management can then increase debt financing, and reap the tax benefits associated with the increased leverage† (Keown, 2005, pp. 23-4). Another strength is enabling Baderman Island to remove an ineffective management strategy or team. Baderman Island has the option to decide who stays with the merged company, and who is out the door. Often times, a weak management leading team is the problem the organization has not evaluated for its mediocre success. â€Å"The merger of two firms can result in an increase in market or monopoly power. Although this can result in increased wealth, it may also be illegal. The Clayton Act, as amended by the Celler-Kefauver Amendment of 1950, makes any merger illegal that results in a monopoly or substantially reduces competition. The Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission monitor all mergers to ensure that they do not result in a reduction of competition† (Keown, 2005, pp. 23-4). Weaknesses of a merger for Baderman Island are the many distractions that rise to the surface. Employees may show concern with the future of his or her employment, rather than concentrating on the job-at-hand, thus causing lower production and quality control. Baderman Island is vulnerable to losing customers during the merger. Consumers may question whether or not the previous company will conduct business in the same way in which he or she has become accustomed. Some opportunities for Baderman Island would be to reach customers where it may not have previously. New markets, cash, revenue, and capital are available to Baderman Island to complete its expansion. Finally, threats in an acquisition mainly take the form of other competition. Multiple resorts exist and are always on the lookout for new competition and what they are doing. Baderman Island must stay vigilant with maintaining a sound management team, to steer clear of a larger resort organization trying to merge with it. Recommendation The suggested option for Baderman Island Resort to take at this point is to merge with a larger chain of resorts. According to the several blogs available on the resort’s site, there is room to upgrade in virtually every aspect of the resort including service, amenities, and reservations. Upgrading these systems seems to be a necessity. Merging with a large resort would not only bring financial stability, but also the management skills present in such large chains would alleviate many of the issues found in the resort. Conclusion This paper explored the three main options for the Baderman Island Resort to expand; acquiring another organization in the same industry, going public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO), and merging with another organization. Additionally, it provided analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of each option. Finally, it provided a recommendation regarding which would be the best option for Baderman Island Resort to use to expand its operations.